Discovery Science 🧬

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<b>Philippine Tarsier: Its eyes are so large that there is no room for a brain. This creates a problem </b> That's why I respect Philippine tarsiers, it's for their integrity! While other primates developed, built complex social relationships and strived for the top of the food pyramid, tarsiers decided that they were happy at the very bottom. After all, the world here is simple: a couple of strange ideas, a few crutch decisions - and now you are already a king among the weak and oppressed! True, the king is painfully small: the tall, full of strength Philippine tarsier is only 16 centimeters long - it is smaller than a human palm! To be so small, the monkey had to massively miniaturize all its organs: from its legs and fur, to its heart and brain. All organs except the eyes. The tarsier's eyes are his greatest pride. And the emphasis here needs to be on the word “big”, because the diameter of the mirror of the soul can reach 16 millimeters! For reference: the average diameter of a human eye is 24 millimeters, which is only a third larger than a monkey's eye. And this despite the fact that the average person is about 100 times larger than the largest tarsier! The Filipino's eyes are not just big - they are larger than any other animal organ, including the brain. And they are truly great. The tarsier has excellent color vision and can navigate perfectly in almost complete darkness. And he doesn’t just navigate, but finds comrades, hides from predators and even gets food - nimble and secretive insects will not escape his gaze. At the same time, he does not go blind in the light. His pupils are capable of both expanding over the entire eye and shrinking to a point, allowing the eye owner to walk during the day and feel great. However, the tarsier still prefers night walks to the midday promenade. But in my personal opinion, all these improvements were not worth it. After all, for the sake of them, the monkey had to sacrifice the most important organ of the primate - the brain. The gray matter hardly fits into the skull, which already houses two huge video cameras. And they decided to completely abandon the oculomotor muscles. Therefore, monkeys rotate their heads almost 360°, like owls. It turns out that in pursuit of perfect eyes they locked themselves in an evolutionary trap. As long as they have these mirrors in their skulls, tarsiers are unable to increase the size and complexity of their brains. They are forced to be at the level of rather primitive animals, stupid even by the standards of other small insectivorous animals. And any attempt to make their eyes smaller will end disastrously for them - the animals will simply begin to get lost in the dark and die of hunger. That is, it was not integrity that locked them in a trap almost at the very bottom of the food chain, but the erroneous decision of their distant ancestors. And there seems to be no way out of this trap... Author: Yaroslav Ilyin <b>🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT

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round the Cuban archipelago alone for another six months, the young rodents become sexually mature and are already capable of creating a new cell of the Huti community. In total, about 20 varieties of hutiyas are known. And a little less than half of them have already disappeared from the face of the Earth forever. And almost all remaining species are endangered and are listed in the Red Book. And only two types of lucky ones - the prehensile-tailed hutia and the Cuban hutia live on their own and do not blow their whiskers. Although they also had difficult times. Even before Columbus made a mistake with India, ending up in Cuba, the Indians living there were already feasting on Huti meat with might and main. Unfortunately, the rodents turned out to be magnificent not only on the outside, but also on the inside, so they were exterminated, regardless of size and variety. Rumor has it that the first thing that hungry Christopher tasted when he set foot on Cuban soil was hutia meat. And until the mid-20th century, animal stewed with nuts and honey was the national Cuban dish. Now the shooting and capture of these animals is strictly under licenses. The rodents are also bred in captivity, so in local restaurants you can find hutia fricassee with rice or fricassee with traditional Cuban salad on the menu if you wish. Fortunately, tourists can get acquainted with hutia not only in its processed form. Organized and less organized groups go on excursions to the beaches where mini-capybaras live. The latter respect the guests very much. And not so much for treats, but for water. In Cuba, washed on all sides by salty waters, there are difficulties with fresh liquids. And in conclusion, a sudden section “It would be better if I didn’t know”: the Cuban hutia is also called the banana rat, because its poops are shaped like small bananas. Author: Tatyana Syrcina 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

Cuban Hutia: Mini-capybaras. Kind, affectionate, but people don’t know about them Admit it, have you always dreamed of a capybara, but is it too big for your home? Well, we have made your dream come true! We found the same kind, sweet and charming animal in a smaller version. I present to you Capybara version 2.0. mini - Cuban hutia. The name, of course, looks like a dirty word. But everything is learned by comparison. And we will compare it with this: the generic name in Latin sounds decent and respectable - Capromys pilorides. But the translation let us down. The name comes from the ancient Greek words “kapros” - pig, boar and “mus” - mouse, rat. Agree, against the backdrop of the “pig mouse”, hutia sounds quite decent. The animal is really very similar to a capybara. The body is squat, the legs are short, the head is heavy, the ears are fleshy. Ideal shape, in a word. Only unlike the largest rodent in the world, the Cuban copy-paste weighs like a small dog - 4-6 kg in weight and 60 cm in length. And the charming appearance is slightly spoiled by the bare tail, covered with sparse bristles, indicating that the hutia belongs to the family of bristly rats. But you can look at the stern less often. Moreover, these animals have such a cute face. The largest Cuban rodents live throughout the archipelago of the same name. Let’s say more: you won’t find Hutiyas anywhere except in Cuba. This is an endemic species that has been registered here since the time of mammoths. And while woolly elephants were freezing their bones in Siberia, these rodents colonized tropical forests on the plains next to ponds. They spend most of their ten-year life on the ground, leisurely walking along the sand and performing ablutions from time to time. Having had their fill, the animals, with the help of their long claws, easily climb to the upper branches of the trees, where they curl up in a cozy ball, basking in the sun and resting. They can also have a snack there. Hutia are herbivores; their main diet, with rare exceptions, is leaves, fruits and tree bark. The first researchers who discovered and described hutiyas called them “rabbit cats.” Hares - because they are rodents. Cats - for the ability to deftly climb trees. Like capybaras, hutias are extremely peaceful animals. They are friends with both other species and relatives. They don’t wage territorial wars and don’t get involved in food disputes. Unless the males make a fuss of each other from time to time because of the females. But this is sacred. Another important thing for Hutia is family. Rodents choose their life partner once and for all. Having found their soulmate, the newlyweds build a nest about a meter in diameter from leaves and twigs right on the ground. Sometimes they occupy empty holes and hollows. After 110-130 days of pregnancy, from 1 to 3 cubs are born, which, as soon as they are born, are already coated, open-eyed and able to move on their own four feet. After wandering a

Silverfish: Humiliates males of other fish to break the pond. This is happening all over Russia Each invading species expands its territory in its own way. Some are adapting to new conditions, others are squeezing out competitors. And silver crucian carp act especially harshly - they steal from fish... their sperm! Their invasion begins with a single fish entering the pond. Maybe it was brought here with streams of melt water, or maybe the bird accidentally carried the eggs on its legs - this is not so important. All that really matters is that the fish was a female. The thing is that female goldfish have rather... frivolous morals when it comes to reproduction. At the same time, she does not set herself any framework or conditions, even intraspecific ones. Did another goldfish come to fertilize the eggs? - Wonderful. And if not, then golden crucian carp, bream, carp, or roach will definitely come - the hospitable female will welcome any guest. After fertilization of the clutch, the male of another species will leave the female with a feeling of fulfilled biological duty. He will never know that he has fallen into a trap and is not destined to leave offspring this year. After all, all fry born from eggs will be purebred silver crucian carp. And even more than that - complete clones of their mother. After all, silver crucian carp are unique fish that have mastered reproduction through parthenogenesis. Their eggs are capable of developing into full-fledged adults without fertilization by males - the eggs themselves complete the second half of the genetic code, which the sperm were supposed to deliver. This method has only one drawback: only females are born from eggs and the adaptability of the species is reduced. But for all this gene magic to work, the egg needs a good push, literally. Chromosome duplication begins only if a sperm pushes against the egg, which does not penetrate inside and does not ensure fertilization. And sperm of other species are great for this. All this has a very bad effect on the population of these very other species. After all, a deceived male will no longer go to a female of his own species - he considers his mission completed. This means that someone’s clutch may remain unfertilized and the number of this species will fall. Which, of course, is only to the advantage of silver crucian carp - the fewer fish of other species in the lake, the lower the competition! Author: Yaroslav Ilyin 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

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Maleo: These birds bake their babies on a volcano Hardening is a necessary and damn useful thing from a very young age. But the large-legged maleo chickens fell headlong into this idea. While we are dousing ourselves with cold water and taking contrast showers, these birds are raising their children right in the heat of volcanoes! No, they don't throw eggs into a lava pit, in case that's what you're imagining. But on the island of Sulawesi, no matter where you spit, you’ll end up at the base of a volcano. And in some places, the piquant nature of nature can be felt well by your heels. Maleos are sent to such places when they are preparing to produce a new generation. Geothermal energy is an excellent source of heat not only according to environmentalists, but also with the tacit consent of big-legged chickens. This is a huge lava incubator for eggs, and it’s also ownerless! All that remains is to dig a hole in a warm slope, lay eggs and run away... I mean run away?! And who will incubate? The Maleos decided not to torment themselves with the agonizing wait. Instead, they developed a tactic thanks to which the chicks survive, and the parents are not responsible for them. And it is very convenient for everyone! A pair of large-footed birds that found each other in the lush jungle of Sulawesi can indulge in love at any convenient moment - the birds do not have a clear breeding season. Cupid, having pierced the hearts of big-footed birds, leads the birds to the shore of a river or lake. No, not for a romantic dinner. This is the perfect place for a nest! This is where a stable source of heat is located - geothermal energy. It’s also convenient to bury eggs on the shore so that no one notices them. Having dug a deep hole, the female lays only a couple of eggs. Maleos are not able to lay eggs like domesticated hazel grouse - their eggs are 5 times larger than chicken eggs! Despite the fact that the size of an adult bird is no larger than a standard broiler. Having buried their offspring and camouflaged them with coastal debris, the parents turn around and leave! They will never see their children again! The sand will “hatch” the masonry on its own - its temperature remains stable at 33-35 °C. And newborn chicks are completely independent from the first minutes of life! Maleos lay large eggs for a reason: they contain much more nutrients than the eggs of ordinary chickens. The chick, having just got out of the sand, will find food for itself, and will run where it should, and can even fly! - - - - - We have a huge group, which is 11 years old and there are many zoologists who write tons of text every day from the field in which they are specialists. Due to VK’s failed policy towards authors, all this, unfortunately, rests only on rare advertising and your support. You can support the stability of our nervous system with a minimum subscription of 100 rubles per month. You can request support directly through the button in this pos