Discovery Science 🧬

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Guys, I understand everything, but we are the Book of Animals, we must review all existing species of animals! 😂 DUR FLY As a child, I didn’t like Korney Chukovsky’s “The Tsokotukha Fly.” It was not clear to me: why should I sympathize with an insect that is always crawling under my arms and in front of me trying to get to the bowl of jam? But here you go! It turned out that this annoying add-on can be useful. Moreover, it is precisely that fly whose name the chorus girls find it disgusting to even pronounce that is very useful: dung fly! This is one of those names that are given in a hurry and just stick. And the poor fly has to prove all his life that he doesn’t eat, well, he doesn’t eat such disgusting stuff! Although she needs manure. This is an excellent cradle. Cute red flies lay eggs in manure. Moreover, they prefer waste from pigs and cows. Horse ones are too dry, although they will do just fine if there is no fish. So, if you don’t have some kind of cow in your hallway, and you don’t raise pigs on your balcony, you don’t have to worry: a dung fly is not something that will wander around your apartment with an annoying buzz. Although these flies are quite ubiquitous. Together with humans, they settled all over the world. They were even seen in the Pyrenees and the Swiss Alps at an altitude of 4300 m above sea level. They thrive in pastures, wooded areas, and gardens. If only there was material to build a kindergarten. So, the little red-haired mother found a suitable flatbread, on which her future dad was already meeting her. After a romantic date, the female laid eggs there. The larvae that hatch from the eggs can also indulge in coprophagy, which will suddenly also bring benefits. Here we wrinkle our noses - wow, what do these flies eat? Just imagine that they didn’t eat it and didn’t contribute to the decomposition. And it was all left lying in the fields. Have picturesque landscapes lost a fair amount of romance? That's it. But the thing is that in the struggle for their unique baby puree, the dung beetle larvae will feast on other larvae that will join them. Like that nursery rhyme about “you’re not my friend anymore.” Yes, imagine, so small - and already predators! Adult golden flies completely switch to a protein diet from other insects. Yes, yes, including dipterans, those same annoying flies that get into our jam! At the same time, dung beetles are not prone to parasitism on other animals. That is why on some farms they are not only not offended, but are even greeted as dear guests. You can’t assign a nanny to every cow to keep insects away from her. But the dung fly will not only turn them around, but also devour them. That's why some farms even breed flies! Moreover, farmers are considering reducing the use of drugs against endoparasites. The fact is that some of the drugs leave the body with manure and already there they can poison not only all kinds of bugs, but also the eggs and larvae of these cute

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Why is nature dead around the wind farm? There are two sides to everything. Even with seemingly unambiguously good things. Wind generators, on the one hand, help to obtain energy literally from thin air, but on the other hand, they become death for birds, bats and an alarm broadcaster for all living creatures around. Which choice is more humane? This is not to say that wind turbines are pure evil, and they should all be banned. They have a huge advantage: compared to thermal and gas power plants, windmills do not require a single gram of fuel at all, which means they do not produce any harmful emissions into the atmosphere. So, in general terms, harnessing wind energy is much more environmentally friendly than old methods of generating electricity. However, on a smaller scale, each turbine is a real meat grinder for all living things. The two main killers of wind turbines are infrasound and the blades. Moreover, one comes from the other: when the blades rotate under the influence of the wind, vortices are formed at their ends, which are the source of infrasound. Because of this, hundreds of thousands of birds, bats and insects die. And it’s impossible to count how many other living creatures suffer! According to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, in America alone, 234 thousand birds die each year from collisions with wind turbine blades. They crash into the blades due to the peculiarities of their perception of the world - birds are not always able to adequately perceive huge and slowly rotating things in the air. Bats suffer just as much from windmills. They, of course, can use echolocation, see each generator in detail and dodge all the blades, but this still does not save them. The fact is that an area of ​​low pressure forms behind the windmill. And when the animals find themselves in it, because of their smallness, they immediately die from hemorrhage into the lungs. Infrasound has a colossal effect on all other above-ground and underground animals. The influence of these frequencies has not been fully studied, but all available evidence suggests that living organisms, when exposed to infrasound, experience headaches, anxiety, fatigue and apathy. Of course, living in such conditions is unbearable - so animals are moving en masse away from the Shaitan machine. Food chains are disrupted, and windmill sites become exclusion zones where even insects cannot fly! This is how, saving the planet, you have to sacrifice thousands of lives. There is still no really good source of energy. - - - - - We have a huge group, which is 11 years old and there are many zoologists who write tons of text every day from the field in which they are specialists. Due to VK’s failed policy towards authors, all this, unfortunately, rests only on rare advertising and your support. You can support the stability of our nervous system with a minimum subscription of 100 rubles per month. You can request support directly through the button in this post

this technology is not just of interest to geneticists and embryologists. But it may also be useful to us in the near future. After all, if you have a cow with outstanding milk yield, then why not breed it into a whole herd? Author: Yaroslav Ilyin 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

yet it exists. Regardless of the size of the cow herd, it always has the same structure. At the head of the herd is a dominant female: the most arrogant, experienced and powerful cow. It is she who chooses the route for the herd, takes the best places to lie down and eats the most delicious grass. Immediately behind her are several subdominant cows, also immensely brave and self-confident. These cows constantly quarrel and bully each other in order to get as close to the throne as possible. And replace the dominant cow if she weakens or dies. Next in line are the middle ones. Calm and non-conflict individuals who are satisfied with their position in the hierarchy. But they won’t let themselves be offended either. Well, in the back rows of the herd there are outsiders, who are pushed around even by calm and non-conflict cows. This layer consists of those cows who do not have the strength or courage to respond to aggression, so they are often driven away from food, not even allowing them to satisfy their hunger. The life of an outcast is hard, no matter what you say. Position in the hierarchy affects not only the cow itself, but also reproduction. The higher the female is in the hierarchy, the sooner she will be in the strong embrace of the bull and the higher on the social ladder her child will be. In approximately the first six months of his life, his status in the herd is automatically equal to the status of his mother, so the daughter of the older cow will be allowed in during relationships, where the outsider girl will be poked in the side with her muzzle and driven away. The hierarchical structure is so important for cows that it has not weakened at all under the yoke of human selection. Experiments show that even if you gather a completely new herd of cows that are unfamiliar to each other, they will build a new hierarchy in just half an hour! Fact four: A memory worth being proud of Of course, in order to remember the place of everyone in a huge herd of 50-100 heads, cows simply need an excellent memory, in some places not inferior to a human one. Therefore, they can complete a complex maze even 6 weeks after the last training. They remember the faces of the people in contact with them and their character, and they remember the affection shown to them for at least 6 months! Well, if you consciously engage in training cows, then it quickly becomes clear that they learn commands no worse than horses and remember andx up to 1 year! Fact five: Clones, clones, clones... Cows are also a surprisingly common test subject in cloning experiments. Which is actually quite logical. After all, the cow is one of the most studied animals on earth, artificial insemination of which has long ago become a proven process. All embryologists need to do is, instead of insemination, implant a laboratory-grown embryo clone into the cow. Then nature will do everything itself. True, creating the embryo itself is still a task with an asterisk. And

5 facts about cows: They don’t eat grass, they persecute the weak, mass cloning We are very familiar with cows. We eat their meat all our lives, drink their milk and consider them such an integral and routine part of life that we don’t even think about them. And completely in vain. Now we will tell you 5 facts that prove that cows are much more complex than they seem. And let's start with the hottest of them. Fact One: Cows don't eat grass. Well, yes, they bite it off, chew it and swallow it, this is a fact and it is very stupid to argue with it. But it is not cows who feed on grass, but completely different organisms. After a short journey through the esophagus, the greens enter the first two sections of the stomach - the rumen and the reticulum. And they are simply huge - they occupy 85% of a cow's stomach with a volume of approximately 150 liters. But the main thing about them is not the volume, but the amazingly complex microscopic ecosystem. Hundreds of species of bacteria and fungi tirelessly process the food that gets inside. They, in turn, feed on single-celled animals - amoebas, ciliates and much more unusual creatures. What can I say, they even have their own viruses that you can’t find “on the street”! And all this single-celled diversity gradually breaks down cellulose, turning it into simple nutrients and thereby increasing its biomass. Well, then the excess of this bacterial biomass ends up in the next sections of the gastrointestinal tract, where it is safely digested by the enzymes of the cow itself. It turns out that the cow feeds on microorganisms. The cow actually digests not the grass directly, but the biomass of microorganisms and their waste products (volatile fatty acids). Essentially, the cow has her own personal bacterial bioreactor inside, which she feeds with greens to skim off the cream! Fact two: Cows have been with us for a VERY long time. Unlike cats and dogs, the mystery of whose origin and domestication has not been fully revealed, we figured out the origin of cows surprisingly quickly. They are descendants of wild aurochs that lived somewhere in Egypt or Mesopotamia 11 thousand years ago. And even then they began to be tamed by people. So that you understand, 11 thousand years ago people were still stuck in the Stone Age. Yes, we have already mastered sewing and ceramics production, but that’s where the miracles of human thought ended. There were no ancient empires yet. The first cities are just being born, which by our standards cannot even be called villages. However, shepherds with cows are already walking through the fields around them! Fact three: Cows are strong together! Subconsciously, we do not expect any organization from cows. After all, this is literally a herd that is only suitable for eating grass and reproducing. Moreover, for the last 100-plus centuries they have been doing this under human care. In such conditions, the organization has neither meaning nor benefit. And

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come across either a sensitive and attentive specialist or a character who last saw a living rodent back at university. In any case, after examining your new ward, you should definitely get recommendations from your veterinarian on feeding and caring for your new pet. But this is not possible everywhere and not always. Therefore, if you are forced to care for a baby squirrel without the help of veterinarians, then here are some basic recommendations that will help you not to kill it. First of all, you need to determine his age. Which is not so difficult if you know where to look: The baby squirrel is naked - he is less than 14 days old. The baby's first teeth are cutting in - about three weeks old. Eyes opened - a month. All the teeth have erupted, and their length has reached 1.5 millimeters - the baby squirrel is about a month and a half old. Why is this important? But because the feeding schedule and amount of food depend on the age of the baby squirrel. If the baby is less than 14 days old, then he needs to be given 2 ml of milk (not cow's milk!) or a special milk formula every 2-3 hours. If he is already a month old, then the portion can be doubled, and the interval between meals can be increased by 1-1.5 hours. Well, up to 1.5 months, the microprotein can be fed with 6 milliliters of milk at a time, gradually increasing the interval between meals to 6 hours. At least you can finally get some sleep... It will become much easier when the baby starts teething, because he can be switched from milk food to a typical squirrel diet: Acorns, hazelnuts, walnuts, unroasted sunflower and pumpkin seeds. Sometimes you can please him with sweets, like dried apples and carrot pieces. And then, if you did everything correctly, if the baby squirrel is healthy and provided with food, then it will grow into a young and nimble squirrel, which you can release into freedom. Well, or leave it next to you and endure the endless antics of the restless rodent. The choice is yours! 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

What to do if you find a baby squirrel: Three stages of help that will save his life So, let's imagine the situation. You went out to the park to breathe fresh air, touch the newborn grass and feed the squirrels nuts. And then an alarming note joins your measured walking rhythm: you see a small, lonely squirrel who is definitely suffering and is about to die. He needs to be rescued urgently! All that remains is to understand: how to do this? Answer: in three stages. Stage one: Just observe. Yes, that's right. Emergency care for a baby squirrel begins with observing him from afar. After all, it may well turn out that you have not met a baby who accidentally fell out of the nest, but a lively teenager who is walking in the fresh air under the careful supervision of his mother. Why don't you see mom? Well, she’s not a fool, she won’t show herself to a titan hundreds of times bigger than herself! And even if the baby really fell out of the nest, this does not mean at all that he will not return there. The mother may notice a red lump under a tree and go down to sniff it. Feeling a familiar smell, the mother will grab her offspring by the scruff of the neck and drag him back. And you simply won’t need any help from a person. Moreover, it can even cause harm: if you overpower the squirrel smell with your own, the mother may not accept the child back. Therefore, if you see a lonely baby squirrel and really want to save him, be sure to watch him from afar for at least an hour, and if the weather is sunny and warm, then all of two. The problem will probably resolve itself. Stage two: Diagnostics and first aid If you are convinced that help will not come to the baby squirrel and decide to save its life yourself, then first of all assess the animal’s condition: examine it for injuries (cuts and fractures) and pay attention to the animal’s activity. If the rodent tries to run away from you or even bite, then everything is fine with it. If he easily lets a person near and has shrunk into a ball, it means the baby’s strength is running out and you need to hurry. Regardless of the condition of the baby squirrel, he needs to create a warm nest. After all, even if everything is fine with the child, he has practically no supply of nutrients, and due to his small size, he is forced to spend a lot of energy on heating. A few hours of such life - and there will be no one to save. Part three: Rehabilitation. After you have built a portable nest for your baby animal, you need to pick up your feet and go to an exotologist - a specialist in the treatment of exotic pets. But such doctors are rare animals and are not found in every city, let alone villages and towns. If you don’t have this, then your path lies to a ratologist. Being a rodent specialist, the ratologist will easily provide first aid and solve the most common problems of the animal. No ratologist? Then you need to get to a more standard veterinarian, and then it depends. You may