Можно ли в Python создавать бинарные файлы? Конечно можно.
Для этого в Python есть следующие инструменты:
▫️ тип данных bytes и bytearray
▫️ открытие файла в режиме wb (write binary) или rb (read binary)
▫️ модуль struct
Про модуль struct поговорим в первую очередь.
Файл в формате JSON или Yaml внутри себя содержит разметку данных. Всегда можно определить где список начался а где закончился. Где записана строка а где словарь. То есть формат записи данных содержит в себе элементы разметки данных.
В binary-файле данные не имеют визуальной разметки. Это просто байты, записанные один за другим. Правила записи и чтения находятся вне файла.
Модуль struct как раз и помогает с организацией данных в таком файле с помощью определения форматов записи для разных частей файла.
Модуль struct преобразует Python-объекты в массив байт, готовый к записи в файл и имеющий определённый вид.
Для этого всегда следует указывать формат преобразования (или, как оно здесь называется - запаковки).
Формат нужен для того, чтобы выделить достаточное количество байт для записи конкретного типа объекта. В последствии с помощью того же формата будет производиться чтение.
При этом следует помнить что мы говорим о типах языка С а не Python.
Именно формат определяет, что записано в конкретном месте файла, число, строка или что-то еще.
Вот какие токены формата у нас есть.
Помимо этого, первым символом можно указать порядок байтов. На разных системах одни и те же типы данных могут записываться по-разному, поэтому желательно указать конкретный способ из доступных. Если этого не сделать, то используется символ '@', то есть нативный для текущей системы.
В строке формата мы пишем в каком порядке и какие типы собираемся преобразовать в байты.
Запакуем в байты простое число, токен "i".
>>> import struct
>>> struct.pack('=i', 10)
b'\n\x00\x00\x00'
Теперь несколько float, при этом нужно передавать элементы не массивом а последовательностью аргументов.
>>> struct.pack('=fff', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1)
b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@'
Вместо нескольких токенов можно просто указать нужное количество элементов перед одним токеном, результат будет тот же.
>>> struct.pack('=3f', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1)
b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@'
Теперь запакуем разные типы
>>> data = struct.pack('=fiQ', 1.0, 4, 100500)
я запаковал типы float, int и unsigned long long (очень большой int, на 8 байт)
b'\x00\x00\x80?\x04\x00\x00...'
Распаковка происходит аналогично, но нужно указать тот же формат, который использовался при запаковке. Результат возвращается всегда в виде кортежа.
>>> struct.unpack('=fiQ', data)
(1.0, 4, 100500)
Как видите, ничего страшного!
#lib#basic
#Internships
🤖 MBZUAI UGRIP 2026 — To‘liq moliyalashtiriladigan yozgi amaliyot dasturi (BAA)
📍 Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI) — Birlashgan Arab Amirliklarining Abu Dabi shahrida joylashgan va sun’iy intellekt sohasida yetakchi oliygohlardan biri hisoblanadi.
🎯 Undergraduate Research Internship Program (UGRIP) — bakalavr talabalar uchun mo‘ljallangan to‘liq moliyalashtiriladigan yozgi amaliyot dasturi bo‘lib, ishtirokchilar 4 hafta davomida MBZUAI kampusida zamonaviy AI tadqiqotlari bilan shug‘ullanishadi.
🎓 Dastur imkoniyatlari:
✅ To‘liq moliyalashtirilgan — stipendiya, turar joy, tibbiy sug‘urta
✈️ Viza va aviabilet xarajatlari qoplanadi
📘 MBZUAI laboratoriyalari, kutubxonasi va sport zallaridan bepul foydalanish
🧠 Yuqori malakali professorlar bilan mentorlik va tadqiqot tajribasi
🌍 Turli mamlakatlardan kelgan talabalar bilan tarmoq (networking) imkoniyati
🎭 Ijtimoiy va madaniy tadbirlarda qatnashish
🧑🎓 Kimlar uchun:
– STEM yoki unga yaqin yo‘nalishlarda o‘qiyotgan bakalavr talabalar
– Ingliz tilida erkin muloqot qila oladigan nomzodlar
📅 Ariza topshirish muddati:
🗓 2026-yil 1-yanvardan 28-fevralgacha
📍 Amaliyot muddati: 2026-yil iyun–iyul (aniq sanalar keyin e’lon qilinadi)
🌐 Batafsil ma’lumot va ariza topshirish:
🔗https://mbzuai.ac.ae/ugrip/
📲 Kanalimizni kuzatib boring — dunyoning eng nufuzli grant va bepul amaliyot dasturlari siz uchun yoritiladi! 🌍
Website📱|Instagram📱 | Facebook📱 | LinkedIn📱
@alberuniyuzb📱
🔥🔥🔥
Applications are now open for InteRussia fellowships⭕️
InteRussia is a fellowship program for young professionals worldwide, implemented by the Gorchakov Fund in partnership with leading Russian universities, expert centers, and industry partners.
⭕️ The program offers hands-on professional experience in Russia, direct engagement with top experts, and the opportunity to become part of a global professional community. More than 500 participants from 70 countries have already completed InteRussia fellowships — now it’s your turn to join.
Which fellowships can you apply for?
⭕️International Relations (all over the world)
⭕️Oriental Studies (post-Soviet countries, the Middle East, and North Africa)
⭕️Archeologists (post-Soviet countries, the Middle East, North Africa, India, and Pakistan)
⭕️Journalism (South Asia)
⭕️Journalism (the Middle East and North Africa)
⭕️Journalism (Sub-Saharan Africa)
⭕️Russian Studies (all over the world)
⭕️Medicine (all over the world)
⭕️Information Technology (all over the world)
⭕️Electric Power (the Middle East and Africa)
⭕️Energy (Latin America)
⭕️Theatre Arts (BRICS+ countries)
⭕️ More details and application guidelines are available at interussia.com.
The InteRussia fellowships are implemented with the support of the Presidential Grants Foundation, Rossotrudnichestvo, and the Ministry of Education of Russia.
#InteRussia#fellowships#internships
1️⃣1️⃣1️⃣
🔥🔥🔥
Applications are now open for InteRussia fellowships⭕️
InteRussia is a fellowship program for young professionals worldwide, implemented by the Gorchakov Fund in partnership with leading Russian universities, expert centers, and industry partners.
⭕️ The program offers hands-on professional experience in Russia, direct engagement with top experts, and the opportunity to become part of a global professional community. More than 500 participants from 70 countries have already completed InteRussia fellowships — now it’s your turn to join.
Which fellowships can you apply for?
⭕️International Relations (all over the world)
⭕️Oriental Studies (post-Soviet countries, the Middle East, and North Africa)
⭕️Archeologists (post-Soviet countries, the Middle East, North Africa, India, and Pakistan)
⭕️Journalism (South Asia)
⭕️Journalism (the Middle East and North Africa)
⭕️Journalism (Sub-Saharan Africa)
⭕️Russian Studies (all over the world)
⭕️Medicine (all over the world)
⭕️Information Technology (all over the world)
⭕️Electric Power (the Middle East and Africa)
⭕️Energy (Latin America)
⭕️Theatre Arts (BRICS+ countries)
⭕️ More details and application guidelines are available at interussia.com.
The InteRussia fellowships are implemented with the support of the Presidential Grants Foundation, Rossotrudnichestvo, and the Ministry of Education of Russia.
#InteRussia#fellowships#internships
1️⃣1️⃣1️⃣
🌟 Applications for YPIP 2026 are NOW OPEN! 🌟
Are you ready to launch your professional journey next summer?
The Young Professional Internships Program (YPIP) provides university students from Uzbekistan the opportunity to strengthen their professional skills through summer internships with leading companies, NGOs, and organizations in Tashkent.
✅ Participants will:
- Gain hands-on work experience in business, STEM, and other fields
- Take part in professional development workshops and field trips
- Network with peers, mentors, and industry leaders
- Receive guidance from established professionals
🌠 Eligibility:
- Commitment to a career in business or STEM
- Citizens of Uzbekistan, currently residing in the country
- Enrolled at a local university as a 3rd or 4th-year student, or graduating by May 2026
- Proficiency in English
⏰ Application Deadline: December 8, 2025
🔗Link to the application
Young Professional Internships Program (YPIP) is funded by the U.S. Embassy in Tashkent and implemented by American Councils for International Education.
#YPIP2026#Internships#YouthOpportunities
🎓Applications for YPIP 2026 are NOW OPEN!
Are you ready to launch your professional journey next summer?
The Young Professional Internships Program (YPIP) provides university students from Uzbekistan the opportunity to strengthen their professional skills through summer internships with leading companies, NGOs, and organizations in Tashkent.
🟣Participants will:
- Gain hands-on work experience in business, STEM, and other fields
- Take part in professional development workshops and field trips
- Network with peers, mentors, and industry leaders
- Receive guidance from established professionals
✔️Eligibility:
- Commitment to a career in business or STEM
- Citizens of Uzbekistan, currently residing in the country
- Enrolled at a local university as a 3rd or 4th-year student, or graduating by May 2026
- Proficiency in English
⏰ Application Deadline: December 8, 2025
📌Link to the application
Young Professional Internships Program (YPIP) is funded by the U.S. Embassy in Tashkent and implemented by American Councils for International Education.
#YPIP2026#Internships#YouthOpportunities
🔥🔥🔥
Applications are now open for InteRussia fellowships⭕️
InteRussia is a fellowship program for young professionals worldwide, implemented by the Gorchakov Fund in partnership with leading Russian universities, expert centers, and industry partners.
⭕️ The program offers hands-on professional experience in Russia, direct engagement with top experts, and the opportunity to become part of a global professional community. More than 500 participants from 70 countries have already completed InteRussia fellowships — now it’s your turn to join.
Which fellowships can you apply for?
⭕️International Relations (all over the world)
⭕️Oriental Studies (post-Soviet countries, the Middle East, and North Africa)
⭕️Archeologists (post-Soviet countries, the Middle East, North Africa, India, and Pakistan)
⭕️Journalism (South Asia)
⭕️Journalism (the Middle East and North Africa)
⭕️Journalism (Sub-Saharan Africa)
⭕️Russian Studies (all over the world)
⭕️Medicine (all over the world)
⭕️Information Technology (all over the world)
⭕️Electric Power (the Middle East and Africa)
⭕️Energy (Latin America)
⭕️Theatre Arts (BRICS+ countries)
⭕️ More details and application guidelines are available at interussia.com.
The InteRussia fellowships are implemented with the support of the Presidential Grants Foundation, Rossotrudnichestvo, and the Ministry of Education of Russia.
#InteRussia#fellowships#internships
1️⃣1️⃣1️⃣
#other#cvrve#internships#jobs#summer_2025#university
You can find a detailed, regularly updated list of tech internships for Summer 2026 in the U.S., Canada, and remote options, covering roles in software, quant, data, and more. This list is maintained collaboratively and includes direct application links, company info, and location details. You can also join a Discord community to get instant notifications when new internships open, helping you apply early and connect with peers. The repository encourages contributions, so you can help keep it current. This resource streamlines your internship search, saving time and increasing your chances of landing a great tech internship[5].
https://github.com/vanshb03/Summer2026-Internships