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Изворен канал @pythonotes · Post #241 · 5 мај

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Можно ли в Python создавать бинарные файлы? Конечно можно. Для этого в Python есть следующие инструменты: ▫️ тип данных bytes и bytearray ▫️ открытие файла в режиме wb (write binary) или rb (read binary) ▫️ модуль struct Про модуль struct поговорим в первую очередь. Файл в формате JSON или Yaml внутри себя содержит разметку данных. Всегда можно определить где список начался а где закончился. Где записана строка а где словарь. То есть формат записи данных содержит в себе элементы разметки данных. В binary-файле данные не имеют визуальной разметки. Это просто байты, записанные один за другим. Правила записи и чтения находятся вне файла. Модуль struct как раз и помогает с организацией данных в таком файле с помощью определения форматов записи для разных частей файла. Модуль struct преобразует Python-объекты в массив байт, готовый к записи в файл и имеющий определённый вид. Для этого всегда следует указывать формат преобразования (или, как оно здесь называется - запаковки). Формат нужен для того, чтобы выделить достаточное количество байт для записи конкретного типа объекта. В последствии с помощью того же формата будет производиться чтение. При этом следует помнить что мы говорим о типах языка С а не Python. Именно формат определяет, что записано в конкретном месте файла, число, строка или что-то еще. Вот какие токены формата у нас есть. Помимо этого, первым символом можно указать порядок байтов. На разных системах одни и те же типы данных могут записываться по-разному, поэтому желательно указать конкретный способ из доступных. Если этого не сделать, то используется символ '@', то есть нативный для текущей системы. В строке формата мы пишем в каком порядке и какие типы собираемся преобразовать в байты. Запакуем в байты простое число, токен "i". >>> import struct >>> struct.pack('=i', 10) b'\n\x00\x00\x00' Теперь несколько float, при этом нужно передавать элементы не массивом а последовательностью аргументов. >>> struct.pack('=fff', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1) b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@' Вместо нескольких токенов можно просто указать нужное количество элементов перед одним токеном, результат будет тот же. >>> struct.pack('=3f', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1) b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@' Теперь запакуем разные типы >>> data = struct.pack('=fiQ', 1.0, 4, 100500) я запаковал типы float, int и unsigned long long (очень большой int, на 8 байт) b'\x00\x00\x80?\x04\x00\x00...' Распаковка происходит аналогично, но нужно указать тот же формат, который использовался при запаковке. Результат возвращается всегда в виде кортежа. >>> struct.unpack('=fiQ', data) (1.0, 4, 100500) Как видите, ничего страшного! #lib#basic

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@PensivePost · Post #4777 · 20.01.2021 г., 14:26

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*FRACTION OF SECONDS* Woke up. I knew I was late. Coz that was my routine. And coz of a simple logic, why be excited to wake up early and go to a place you hate and do something that you hate! I sighed when my mouth tasted coffee before colgate...Ahh! how I love normal days, It was a normal day. At least that's what I thought. Papa was there looking up from the newspaper at me with a sense of pity. I sort of ignored that and walked out through the front door, but the next sight, a brand new beautiful ladybird and an even more beautiful rider, with short black hair waving in the wind, in a skirt that knew well not to cover her beautiful legs... Well I couldn't ignore that! Just a fraction of seconds and I had already captured her. Made her mine. Is this what they call... Oops!! She looked at me. Damn it! She caught me staring at her! I looked away whistling. I looked again, did I see a smile? I heard Mom shouting my name out aloud. I knew I had to rush. As I was rushing inside I heard a loud thud. I turned back and saw the beautiful ladybird lying on the road. It was only a fraction of second, yet my mind talked to me in infinite speed...Somethings...what did he say I don't remember anymore. I remember rushing back to the house. One year I didn't talk to our new neighbour who was an year older than me.Days went by. Mom had started packing things up one evening I came back from school. Papa received his transfer letter. Now whenever I see a cycle I think. What would've happened? Why hadn't I stopped my mind talking to me? Why hadn't I I rushed 'out'side than 'in'side? All in a fraction of second! #JOHN PAUL BENOY #Review

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@PensivePost · Post #4778 · 20.01.2021 г., 14:26

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*FRACTION OF SECONDS* Woke up. I knew I was late. Coz that was my routine. And coz of a simple logic, why be excited to wake up early and go to a place you hate and do something that you hate! I sighed when my mouth tasted coffee before colgate...Ahh! how I love normal days, It was a normal day. At least that's what I thought. Papa was there looking up from the newspaper at me with a sense of pity. I sort of ignored that and walked out through the front door, but the next sight, a brand new beautiful ladybird and an even more beautiful rider, with short black hair waving in the wind, in a skirt that knew well not to cover her beautiful legs... Well I couldn't ignore that! Just a fraction of seconds and I had already captured her. Made her mine. Is this what they call... Oops!! She looked at me. Damn it! She caught me staring at her! I looked away whistling. I looked again, did I see a smile? I heard Mom shouting my name out aloud. I knew I had to rush. As I was rushing inside I heard a loud thud. I turned back and saw the beautiful ladybird lying on the road. It was only a fraction of second, yet my mind talked to me in infinite speed...Somethings...what did he say I don't remember anymore. I remember rushing back to the house. One year I didn't talk to our new neighbour who was an year older than me.Days went by. Mom had started packing things up one evening I came back from school. Papa received his transfer letter. Now whenever I see a cycle I think. What would've happened? Why hadn't I stopped my mind talking to me? Why hadn't I I rushed 'out'side than 'in'side? All in a fraction of second! #JOHN PAUL BENOY #Review #short story

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American Оbserver

@american_observer · Post #5212 · 24.02.2026 г., 16:19

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Former US National Security Advisor John Bolton: “Although you could potentially remove the ayatollah, that would leave the IRGC in place, and the government in Iran is the IRGC, while the ayatollahs act as a religious cover or an ideological cover for them. I think Trump is just hoping that this show of American power will intimidate the ayatollahs. If I were still his adviser, I would be happy to tell him that it won’t work. They won’t be intimidated. But Trump really thinks minute by minute; he doesn’t think strategically.” #john#bolton#trump#ayatollah 📱American Оbserver - Stay up to date on all important events 🇺🇸

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