Метод строки split() разделяет строку на несколько строк по указанному символу
>>> "a_b_c".split('_')
['a', 'b', 'c']
Можно указать максимальное количество разделений
>>> "a_b_c".split('_', 1)
['a', 'b_c']
Или резать с другой стороны с помощью rsplit() (right split)
>>> "a_b_c".rsplit('_', 1)
['a_b', 'c']
А что будет если оставить аргументы пустыми?
>>> "a_b_c".split()
['a_b_c']
Получаем список с одним элементом, потому что по умолчанию используется пробельный символ.
>>> "a b c".split()
['a', 'b', 'c']
То есть это равнозначно такому вызову?
>>> "a b c".split(" ")
['a', 'b', 'c']
Кажется да, но нет! Давайте попробуем добавить пробелов между буквами
>>> "a b c".split(" ")
['a', '', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']
И вот картина уже не так предсказуема 😕
А вот что будет по умолчанию
>>> "a b c".split()
['a', 'b', 'c']
Всё снова красиво! 🤩
По умолчанию в качестве разделителя используется любой пробельный символ, будь то табуляция или новая строка. Включая несколько таких символов идущих подряд. А также игнорируются пробельные символы по краям строки.
>>> "a\t b\n c ".split()
['a', 'b', 'c']
Аналогичный способ можно собрать с помощью регулярного выражения. Но пробелы по краям строки придется обрабатывать дополнительно.
>>> import re
>>> re.split(r"\s+", ' a b c '.strip())
['a', 'b', 'c']
Здесь тоже можно указать количество разделений
>>> re.split(r"\s+", 'a b c', 1)
['a', 'b c']
А что если мы хотим написать красиво, то есть split() без аргументов, но при этом указать количество разделений? В этом случае первым аргументом передаём None
>>> "a\n b c".split(None, 1)
['a', 'b c']
Данный метод не учитывает строки с пробелами, взятые в кавычки
'a "b c" '.split()
['a', '"b', 'c"']
Но для таких случаев есть другие способы.
#tricks#basic
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