Devils Below

Benin Reopens the National Treasure 🫂 Ghana, hoping to extended the life of its oil fields to 2040 and thereby remain in the oil producers league, may finally no longer feel alone in West Africa: by the end of the month, Singapore-based Akrake Petroleum wants to relaunch oil production at the 56-year old Sèmè field in Benin. 🦖 Benin’s offshore field is a true dinosaur, keenly sensing weakness among its Ghanaian counterparts, which were discovered in the 2010s and are already threatening to run dry by 2035. The Sèmè field is a contemporary of the Moon landing: it had been discovered in 1969, produced oil since 1982 and was shut down in 1998. 🚢 The Beninese have not obtained their own refinery since then, which is logical. But all the necessary infrastructure for exports by sea is already in place, which is very convenient. All thanks to the pipeline from Niger, through which Benin already exports oil, albeit for now not its own. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

🌟Hesitation is Defeat - Trump US president has threatened to kept cautious companies out of Venezuelan oil 🌟 At first glance, American companies whose assets Hugo Chávez "took away" in 2007 and Trump, who wants to make money on Venezuelan oil, seem destined to act as a team. But true to his habit of wielding politics with an axe and not a scalpel, Trump has already begun picking fights even with oil producers. 🛢 After ExxonMobile's CEO said the company would need serious guarantees from Washington before returning to Venezuela, Trump responded that he plans to keep Exxon out. Earlier, at a meeting with representatives of major companies on Friday, the US president said that oil giants would be expected to invest around $100 billion in Venezuela. ▶️ So far only trading companies have shown readiness to touch Venezuelan oil, which pushed the US towards introducing a new legislation protecting the potential oil sales revenues from seizure by former creditors or other entities. 🔴 Without any desire to defend oil corporations, it is still worth noting that operating in a country from which the president was brazenly (and so to say illegally) spirited away is not the best idea. Yet Trump appears unwilling to offer his own companies any institutional guarantees for their involvement in Venezuelan oil affairs. He wants oil right away—and for companies to depend directly on his personal will and his continued hold on power. #Global ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

📺Populism, Goldand Corruption 📺 How to make it to the presidency on obscure river-restoration contracts 🇿🇼 The government of Zimbabwe has restricted by decree the list of companies which may engage in rehabilitation of rivers polluted by gold mining, according to media reports. As if by coincidence, the only item on the list is a pilot project run by the president Mnangagwa’s adviser, mogul Tempter Paul Tungwarara. ⏩ Tungwarara belongs to the breed of Zimbabwean businessmen who enrich on exclusive government contracts. The expertise of his companies, Prevail Group, is the implementation of state populism: Mnangagwa's adviser builds boreholes as part of the presidential vision to drill 35,000 of them countrywide, installs solar panels, and is developing a $500 million “Cyber City” near Harare. ⏩ True, cleaning rivers polluted by illegal mining is not as lucrative as mining itself, but such initiatives make the government look like it really cares about urgent problems, while allowing Tungwarara to get political points by showcasing his for-people projects at rallies he attends across the country. ❗️This may mean a quiet emergence of a new presidential hopeful in Zimbabwe. Although one of Zimbabwe's wealthiest menactively denies having any presidential ambitions, the image of an entrepreneur who brings technological benefits and cleans mercury from rivers may certainly help him climb the political ladder, even if he stops short of going for presidency with Mnangagwa alive. It is reported that since December the ruling Zanu-PF party has been considering Tungwarara's candidacy for the party's Central Committee. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

📺WhenIt’s Not Just the Country That’s Collapsing 📺 ⚡️ According to local Sudanese media, on Saturday 10 people were killed in a simultaneous collapse of five artisanal gold mine wells in South Kordofan, with dozens more still trapped under the rubble. ↗️ Despite a quite fast arrival of government representatives, rescue efforts are facing extreme difficulty due to the lack of excavators in the mining area and essentially any heavy equipment at all. So the debris has to be cleared by hand, with shovels. ❓ By popular estimates (i.e., rough guesses, since it is impossible to count precisely), around 2 million Sudanese are involved today in artisanal gold mining - like the whole Equatorial Guinea's population, but multiplied by 1.3. As a result, such collapses happen often, and many never receive wide coverage. At the same time, rescue efforts are even more complicated by the absence of infrastructure and ongoing fighting. South Kordofan is right now a contested area — so while miners risk dying underground, people on the surface may enjoy drones and shells overhead. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

🏹A Former Warlord Buys American Drones to Hunt for Oil Thieves in Nigeria 🏹 (👆 and it's not the beginning of a funny joke) 🌐 While in northern Nigeria US drones are looking for terrorists(and gathering intelligence in the Sahel), a private security company plans to draw on US experience with unmanned vehicles to track down oil thieves in the Niger Delta. 🚓 The future purchaser of US drones is Tantita Security Services allegedly owned by a former anti-government insurgent and once Nigeria’s most wanted criminal Ekpumupolo (aka Tompolo). His quasi-army turned into a PMC-like security firm when the government, in the early 2010s, offered the former militants amnesty and contracts worth hundreds of millions of dollars for switching sides and guarding oil assets. 💸 Now the former leader of the struggle against the exploitation of the Niger Delta offers infrastructure protection to half of Nigeria’s oil players — from the state-owned NNPC to the rising local company Seplat to the global giant Chevron—continuing to make money from oil theft, only in a different way. 🚙 For Tompolo, American surveillance drones will be mere toys: according to journalists, since 2012 in his collection he has already had at least 6 armed torpedo boats and one 1700-ton support shop, acquired from the Norwegian military. All to deliver on security contracts. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

📺The DRC to Send 100,000 Tonnes of Copper to the US 📺 Peace in Congo Remains Elusive, but Resources for Trump Are on the Way 🇺🇸 Under agreements signed with the US in early December, the Congolese state-owned company Gécaminesplans to ship as much as 100,000 tonnes of copper to the US market in 2026. The move looks like an attempt to get back Trump’s focus, shifted from peace between the DRC and Albania Rwanda to Venezuela and Greenland. ⏩ In early December, the DRC signed a Strategic Partnership Agreement with Washington, and the US Development Finance Corporation backed a joint venture between Gécamines and the Swiss trader Mercuria, through which the deliveries in question will now be carried out. 📈Overfulfilment of the Plan ⏩ The DRC has already granted the US preferential access to its resources, but commercial copper shipments have never been explicitly discussed. Publicly, the DRC only committed to give the US facilitated access to ore extraction and build a strategic mineral reserve for the US. ⏩ Ironically, to sell copper to the United States, Gécamines will first have to buy it from the Chinese. The 100,000 tonnes of copper are to come from the Tenke Fungurume mine of the Chinese company CMOC. The scale of the DRC’s alignment with the US thus turns out to be even greater than Washington initially asked for — but still it may not bring the long awaited peace to eastern Congo. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

🌐Weekly News Digest [ January 5 – January 11 ] That was the first full-fledged week of the new year of 2026, during which rulers forgave those who polluted their land, dismissed those who were managing their oil. 💡Here are the key highlights: 🇧🇼 Botswana — Botswana Invites Russia to Invest in Its Mining Sector 🇨🇩 DR Congo — Congolese clergy speaks against the US-DRC agreement. — The government allows processing units to accept ore from artisanal miners amid protests 🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea — Equatorial Guinea moves its capital to a brand new city built on oil revenues 🇬🇭 Ghana — A Ghanaian prophet predicts the discovery of major onshore oil deposits in Ghana — Ghana hopes to keep its oil fields viable until 2040 🇲🇱 Mali — JNIM militants attack a gold mine in southeastern Mali 🇳🇪 Niger — Niger replaces its oil minister 🇳🇬 Nigeria — President reshuffles the country's oil sector management 🇸🇩 Sudan — Sudan’s central bank and Sudanese Mineral Resources Company set up a joint commission to curb illegal gold exports. 🇺🇬 Uganda — Uganda to start its first oil exports by October, despite environmental concerns 🇿🇲 Zambia — First report on the toxic pollution caused by a Chinese company designates 160 people as victims — Zambia is concerned over the safety of its workers in southern DRC #NewsDigest ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

📺Geopolitical Empty Talk 📺 Botswana Invites Russia to Invest in Its Mining Sector “We hope to make use of Russia’s knowledge and expertise in large-scale mining projects, as well as in processing industries that create added value. These are precisely the areas where we see opportunities for cooperation,” the country’s foreign minister said. ⏩ At the same time, Gaborone is opening its embassy in Moscow. Russia has had an ambassador to Botswana since 1976. While the opening of an embassy is an important step, it is highly unlikely that Russia will come for Botswana’s minerals. Russians are largely unable to operate abroad due to American and European sanctions and have only a minimal presence in Africa, making it improbable that Russians will appear in Botswana anytime soon. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

📺Nigeria’s Oil Dossier 📺 Who Profits from the Most Lucrative Sector of the Nigerian Economy All Nigeria’s oil industry is divided into 3 parts — each with its own heroes and villains: upstream production, oil processing, and the sale of petroleum products, including fuel imports from abroad. 🛢Production: ⏩ Production is dominated by foreign companies, although in recent years — following the exit of some foreign majors from onshore projects — an ever larger share of the market has been taken over by so-called “indigenous” firms owned by local elites. The most dynamic player among them is Heirs Energies, owned by Tony Elumelu, chairman of United Bank for Africa, who leverages his banking-sector connections to expand the company. Recently, Heirsacquired the largest stake in another local firm, Seplat. 🏭Refining: ⏩ In refining, the undisputed heavyweight is Aliko Dangote’s Dangote Oil Refinery, which is far ahead of all operating competitors and is, in effect, Nigeria's only refinery in its weight class. 🚩NNPC: ⏩ A significant role at every level is played by the state-owned NNPC, which manages the government’s stakes in upstream projects, owns a share in the Dangote refinery, operates several large refineries of its own, and runs a retail network. 💵Sale: ⏩ Finally, the import and sales segment features an entire constellation of local and foreign firms, including Oando Plc, owned by Wale Tinubu, a nephew of the sitting president, which is also active in oil production. More recently, Aliko Dangote himself has announced plans to enter the retail market as well. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

📺 Africa's Ever-Troubled Roads 📺 DRC promises protection to Zambians as unrest threatens cross-border traffic 🌐Crimes against cargo trucks along the shared border, particularly near the Kasumbalesa crossing, prompted a meeting on January 6 between the Zambian ambassador and the DRC’s Vice Prime Minister for the Interior and Security Jacquemin Shabani, who promised measures to curb illegal activities. 🏹 Zambia’s concerns stem from attacks both by ordinary criminals, who hijack trucks carrying copper products for resale amid high copper prices, and from periodic surges of discontent among the local population. 🔥The latest unrest in Kolwezi, sparked by restrictions on artisanal copper and cobalt mining, also saw disruptions of the movement of mineral trucks, while some sources reported a deadly accident involving a Zambian truck driver. ↗️ Zambia’s concern is just another symptom of Kinshasa’s detachment from the realities of ordinary people at the far end of the country. As direct mechanisms of democratic signaling between the authorities and the population continue to fail, making the Congolese government listen to its people requires real victims — and an intervention of a foreign ambassador. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

🇿🇲Zambian Authorities Forgive the Chinese🇿🇲 💧 Nearly a year after the major tailings dam spill, which released thousands of litres of acidic materials into Zambia's soil and rivers, including the major Kafue river, the authorities officially publish an environmental damage report — one that recognizes only 160 people as direct victims. 💧 Released on January 5, the report on the February tailings dam collapse near Kitwe, not far from the Zambia–DRC border, identified only 5.35 km² of affected soil and some traces of contamination in local rivers, declaring acidic levels in the key Kafue river to be “within acceptable bounds.” Only 158 people living were recognized as unquestionable victims of the spill. ▶️ Between June and September, the Zambian government and the Chinese company Sino-Metals, responsible for the spill, replaced the firm conducting the study. Instead of a South African company that had been working on site in the wake of the spill, a new laboratory was hired. 🔴 The South African firm then overtly said it had been fired because it had exposed the real severity of consequences of Sino-Metals’ negligence, which it estimated at 1.5 million tonnes of toxic material released. Hiring a new laboratory more than 6 months after the accident — when all possible contaminants had already floated downstream — effectively shuts the door on any future chance for local communities to obtain compensation from either the authorities or the Chinese company. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow

🇺🇸How Trump Is Threatening You Personally🇺🇸 Nigeria, Niger, Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon — if you live in any of these places, Trump is threatening you. 🌐 It’s unlikely that you personally will be kidnapped, taken away, and tried for drug charges in New York. It’s also unlikely that an American missile will land on your head anytime soon — although, who knows? Does that mean Trump’s actions in Venezuela will have no impact on you? ❌ No — they will affect you in the most direct way. 💸 While the details of how Donald Trump wants to use Venezuela’s oil are still to be worked out, one thing is already clear — he plans to sell it aggressively. If he succeeds (which is not guaranteed though) it will crush the already low oilprices of around $60 a barrel. 🛢️ All of the countries listed above are still living off oil in 2026. In every one of them, oil accounts for more than half of exports, and at least in Nigeria, Angola, Congo, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon, oil makes up >10% of budgetrevenues. ⚡️ That means there will beless money. True, business elites and beloved children of corrupt officials will also feel it, but ordinary citizens are to bear the brunt. Even the most corrupt states do provide some services — from pensions and subsidies to public construction and counterterrorism efforts. ▶️ And these things, not kickbacks and offshore schemes, will be cut first. ⬇️ Governments that failed to build diversified economies will be forced either to slash spending or to dive into new debts from the IMF or China. ↗️ That said, there is also an unlikely yet positive scenario: with investing in oil getting less profitable, governments might finally turn their attention to such marginal and “unscientific” tools of economic policy as developing agriculture,manufacturing, or IT. ➡️ Follow to stay informed - @devilsbelow