Economily

📈One City, Two Worlds: The Nogales Mystery Ever wondered why some countries are rich and others stay poor? Look at the city of Nogales. It’s split right down the middle by a border fence, but the two sides are worlds apart. 🇺🇸North of the wall (USA): High salaries, safe streets, great hospitals, and protected rights. People trust the system. 🇲🇽South of the wall (Mexico): Residents are 3x poorer. They face higher infant mortality, corruption, and organized crime. Why the gap? Same geography, same climate, same ancestors. The answer lies in The Rules of the Game (Institutions) established centuries ago: 🇪🇸The Spanish Model (Extraction): In Mexico, the goal was to exploit. Colonial elites built a system to squeeze labor and resources out of the people. This created a legacy of monopolies and inequality. 🇬🇧The English Model (Incentives): In the North, there was no gold to steal. To attract settlers, the "system" had to offer them land ownership and political rights. This sparked a boom in innovation and competition. Prosperity isn't an accident. When a system is rigged for a tiny elite, the country stalls. When a system protects the rights of everyone, the country thrives. Wealth isn't about what’s in the ground—it’s about the laws on the books. 📈 Inspired by "Why Nations Fail" by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson.

🇮🇱The American company Axon acquired the Israeli startup Carbyne for $625 million in cash. ⚖️ Carbyne develops a platform for various law enforcement and security agencies. 📱Telegram l 📱LinkedIn

🇬🇧 The 1920s were a turbulent decade for Britain’s economy, marked by postwar recovery struggles, the return to the Gold Standard, and industrial decline. ✍️Despite brief growth, high unemployment and labor unrest persisted. This paper explores the key challenges and policies of the era, showing how they shaped Britain’s economic path in the interwar years. 📱Telegram l 📱LinkedIn

🧑🏼‍⚖In the early 1990s, amid recession and rising inflation, the U.S. and U.K. restructured their electricity markets using "auction theory", saving billions and achieving what many monopolies could not 📱Telegram l 📱LinkedIn

Muruntau Catches Up with Nevada in Gold Production 📈 In 2024, Uzbekistan’s Muruntau mine is projected to produce 2.7 million ounces of gold, matching the output of Nevada Gold Mines in the United States — long considered the global leader. 🥇 This milestone places Muruntau at the very top of the world’s biggest gold mines, highlighting Uzbekistan’s growing role in the global gold industry. 📱Telegram l 📱LinkedIn

🥔Top Food-Producing Countries (Global Share) 🇨🇳 China — 20% 🇮🇳 India — 12% 🇺🇸 USA — 9% 🇧🇷 Brazil — 6% 🥖 Together, these nations produce more than half of the world’s food supply. #useful 📱Telegram I 📱LinkedIn

⭐Marxism: The Dialectic of Materialism — 4 Key Propositions 🏭Labor Theory of Value In Marxist political economy, the value of a commodity is determined by the amount of socially necessary labor expended in its production. Labor is the sole source of value, and market price is a distorted expression of this value. 🪙Surplus Value Capitalist profit arises from the difference between the value created by the worker's labor and the wages they receive. This difference—surplus value—is a form of systematic exploitation built into the structure of wage labor. ➖Alienation The worker is alienated from: — the product of labor (it does not belong to them), — the labor process itself (they lack creative control), — their own essence (labor turns them into a means), — other people (labor competition destroys solidarity). Alienation is not a moral category, but a structural effect of capitalist production relations. 📉The Falling Rate of Profit As the technological advancement of production increases, the share of human labor, which is the source of surplus value, declines. This leads to a falling rate of profit, growing disparities, and cyclical crises that undermine the stability of the capitalist system. 📱Telegram I 📱LinkedIn

🤔Young people are getting dumber en masse, an international study has found. 🧑‍🎓 More and more young people are facing cognitive problems. Many are experiencing difficulties with memory, attention, and decision-making, especially among people with low incomes and no education. 📢Source: https://t.me/economica/16484 📱Telegram l 📱LinkedIn

🇨🇳"Capital works for the benefit of the people of China," says Chinese actor and political scientist Eric Li. And now let's find out if this is really the case. Below are 5 arguments that show: in China, capital serves the interests of the state and business, and not the ordinary citizen. 1. Hukou: registration as a tool of segregation The hukou system divides citizens into "urban" and "rural." Without urban registration, millions of migrants do not have access to education, medicine and social assistance. A worker from a village can build Shanghai, but he can't live there fully. 2. Housing: an unaffordable luxury In Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, the ratio of housing costs to annual income exceeds 30:1. For comparison, London has a ratio of 18:1, and Paris has a ratio of 15:1. Chinese megacities are among the most unaffordable places to live in the world. 3. Cheap labor as the foundation of the model China's economy has relied on cheap exports and low wages for decades. The government keeps the yuan's exchange rate low to maintain competitiveness. This is beneficial for businesses, but it makes Chinese labor a cheap resource without market protection. 4. Party-controlled trade unions China has only one trade union, which is controlled by the CCP. Independent trade unions are banned, and activists are persecuted. Workers are unable to fight for their rights independently. 5. Gini coefficient: inequality is higher than in the US The Gini coefficient measures the level of wealth inequality (0 - equality, 1 - maximum inequality). In 2003, the Gini in China reached 0.49, exceeding the US figure (about 0.46). This was one of the highest levels of inequality in Asia. Even today, China does not publish official Gini data regularly. 🔚 Conclusion: Modern China is a state-monopolized capitalism, where capital does not serve the people, and the people serve capital — in the interests of the party and its close associates. 📱Telegram l 📱LinkedIn

🇺🇿Uzbekistan to Boost AI-Based Projects in Uzbekistan 📱 Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Justice has announced that President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed a new decree introducing additional measures to support projects based on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The document aims to expand funding for startups and priority projects utilizing AI in the social sector and key areas of the economy. 📌 Under this initiative, an additional $100 million will be allocated for 2026–2027: ➖ $50 million in grants to support the integration of AI technologies into the activities of government bodies and organizations; ➖$50 million as equity contributions from the Reconstruction and Development Fund to the “Fund of Funds” and IT Park Ventures, dedicated to supporting AI-driven projects. The distribution of funds will be overseen by the Coordinating Commission for the Implementation of the “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” Strategy. 📱 Telegram l 📱LinkedIn

⭐Why did market socialism collapse? Market socialism tried to combine the incompatible: Public ownership and the market, but it ended up inheriting the worst from both. 📝The main reasons for its failure were: • Soft budget constraints: Unprofitable factories knew that the government would save them anyway. Why optimize? • Guaranteed employment: Workers were not fired, and their salaries were not reduced even when their income fell. Social peace was maintained, but the economy deteriorated. • Inflation and debt: loans were given generously, prices rose, and shortages became chronic. • Political fragility: reforms were a compromise rather than a strategy. In Yugoslavia, this accelerated the country's disintegration. ⁉️The outcome Market socialism proved to be a half-measure: not a market because there was no competition or bankruptcy, and not socialism because prices and loans went wild. China and Vietnam made a different choice: they allowed private ownership and foreign capital and focused on market reforms. Formally, it is "socialism"; in fact, it is state capitalism. 📱Telegram I 📱LinkedIn

🇺🇿🌎Top Investors in Uzbekistan Revealed From January to September 2025, Uzbekistan attracted nearly $24.9 billion in foreign investments and loans. 📊 Leading investor countries: 🇨🇳 China — 39.9% 🇷🇺 Russia — 7.8% 🇹🇷 Turkey — 7.7% 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia — 3.8% 🇩🇪 Germany — 3.5% 🇬🇧 United Kingdom — 3.3% These figures demonstrate Uzbekistan’s growing appeal as a regional hub for investment and development. 🎙Source: Repost.uz 📱Telegram I 📱LinkedIn