Post #44

🔰The Present Perfect tense 🔰الزمن المضارع التام 🔻Finished events connected with the present 🔻أحداث مكتملة و مرتبطة بالحاضر We use the present perfect especially to say that a finished action or event is connected with the present in some way. If we say that something has happened, we are thinking about the past and the present at the same time, for example if we are giving news. 🔹I can’t go skiing because I have broken my leg. ✨A present-perfect sentence often corresponds to a present-tense sentence expressing the same facts. ✨جملة الزمن المضارع التام عادة تكون متوافقة مع جملة الزمن المضارع البسيط من حيث التعبير عن الحقائق ذاتها. 🔹I've broken my leg. 👉🏻 My leg is broken now. 🔹Some fool has let the cat in. 👉🏻 The cat is in. 🔹Utopia has invaded Fantasia. 👉🏻 Utopia is at war with Fantasia. 🔹Emily has had a baby. 👉🏻 Emily now has a baby. 🔹Our dog has died. 👉🏻 Our dog is dead. 🔹Have you read Hamlet? 👉🏻Do you know Hamlet? 🔹All the wars in history have taught us nothing. 👉🏻 We know nothing. ✨The present perfect is often used to express the idea of completion or achievement. ✨يستخدم الزمن المضارع التام عادة للتعبير عن فكرة اكتمال الحدث أو إنجازه بشكل تام. 🔹At last! I’ve finished! 🔹Have you done all the housework? ✨We do not use the present perfect if we are not thinking about the present. ✨تذكر دائماً أننا لا نستخدم المضارع التام اذا كنّا نقصد بحديثنا عن الحاضر! لاحظ الأمثلة و قارن بينها: 🤔Compare: 🔹I've travelled in Africa a lot. (= I know Africa.) 🔹Some people think that Shakespeare travelled a lot in Germany. ( not Some people think that Shakespeare has travelled ...)✘ 🔻Time words: ever, before, recently, etc 🔻الكلمات الدالة على الزمن المضارع التام When we talk about finished events with words that mean 'at some/any time up to now’ (like ever, before, never, yet, recently, lately, already), we normally use the present perfect in British English. 🔹Have you ever seen a ghost? 🔹She's never said ‘sorry' in her life. 🔹I’m sure we've met before. 🔹Has Dan phoned yet? 🔹We haven't seen Beth recently. 🔹‘Could you clean the car?’ ‘I’ve already done it.’ 🔻Repetition up to now: 🔻تكرار الحدث إلى الوقت الحاضر ✨We can use the present perfect to say that something has happened several times up to the present. 🔹I’ve written six emails since lunch time. ✨Adverbs of frequency like often, sometimes, occasionally are common with the present perfect. 🔹How often have you read a novel in your life? 🔹I’ve sometimes thought of moving to Australia. 🔻Continuation up to now: 🔻استمرارية الحدث إلى الوقت الحاضر ✨To talk about actions and situations that have continued up to the present, both the simple present perfect and the present perfect progressive are possible (depending on the kind of verb and the exact meaning.) ✨يستخدم كلاً من الزمنين المضارع التام البسيط والمضارع التام المستمر للحديث عن مواقف بدأت في الماضي واستمرت إلى الحاضر(حسب نوع الفعل والمعنى المقصود.) 🔹I've known her for years. (not I know her for years.)✘ 🔹I’ve been thinking about you all day. @EnglishGrammarSecrets