Post #14826

The Old Turkic Pantheon as Reflected in Early Inscriptions It is generally accepted that the pantheon of the Old Turks included four deities: Teŋri as the god of the heavens, Umay as the goddess of fertility, Idıq Yer-Sub as the deity of nature, and Erklig as the god of the Underworld. Teŋri on Kültegin inscription 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃 : 𐰖𐰺𐰞𐰴𐰑𐰸𐰃𐰤 : 𐰇𐰲𐰇𐰤 : 𐰇𐰔𐰢 : 𐰸𐰆𐱃𐰢 : 𐰉𐰺 : 𐰇𐰲𐰇𐰤 : 𐰴𐰍𐰣 : 𐰆𐰞𐰺𐱃𐰢 teŋri : yarlıqaduqın : üçin : özim : qutım : bar : üçin : qagan : olurtım Since Tengri was gracious, and since I was granted with fortune, I succeeded to the throne. Teŋri, Umay, Yer-sub on Toñuquq inscription 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃 : 𐰆𐰢𐰖 : 𐰃𐰑𐰸 : 𐰘𐰼 : 𐰾𐰆𐰉 : 𐰉𐰽𐰀 : 𐰋𐰼𐱅𐰃 : 𐰼𐰨 : 𐰤𐰚𐰀 : 𐱅𐰔𐰼 : 𐰋𐰃𐰔 teŋri umay ıduq yer-sub basa berti erinç. neke tezer biz? Heaven and Umay and the Holy Spirits of the Earth and Water obviously favored us in succeeding. Why should we flee? Umay and Erklig on Altın köl inscription 𐰆𐰴𐰢𐰕 ⁚ 𐰆𐰢𐰖 ⁚ 𐰌𐰏𐰢𐰕 ⁚ 𐰋𐰃𐰕 ⁚ 𐰆𐰖𐰀 ⁚ 𐰞𐰯 ⁚ 𐰼 ⁚ 𐰇𐰕𐰃𐰥 ⁚ 𐰀𐰞𐱅𐰃 ⁚ 𐰴𐰃𐰞𐰢𐰑𐰭 ⁚ 𐰇𐰕𐰠𐰚 ⁚ 𐱄 ⁚ 𐰇𐰕𐰥 ⁚ 𐰇𐰲 ⁚ 𐰴𐰃𐰞𐰢𐰑𐰭 uqımız umay begimiz biz uya alp er özin altı qılmadıŋ özlek at özin üç qılmadiŋ Our ancestress, our lady Umay, you did not make us with six limbs, and you did not make our horses with three legs 𐱅𐰈𐰼𐱅𐰤𐰠𐰏𐰈 ⁚ 𐰼𐱅𐰢𐰕 ⁚ 𐰌𐰕𐰥𐰃 ⁚ 𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰐 ⁚ 𐰑𐰺𐱄𐰃 ⁚ 𐰖𐱄𐰀 törtinligü ertimiz bizni erklig adırtı yıta There were four of us; Erklig separated us. oh, sorrow Erklig on Irq bitig 𐰼 : 𐰉𐰴𐰀 : 𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾 : 𐱃𐰍𐰑𐰀 : 𐰴𐰢𐰞𐰢𐰞𐰾 : 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃𐰓𐰀 : 𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰏 : 𐱅𐰃𐰼 : 𐰨𐰀 : 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰠𐰼 : 𐰖𐰉𐰔 : 𐰆𐰞 er abqa barmış tağda qamlamıš teŋride erklig tir ança biliŋler yabız ol It is said that a warrior-husband went out to hunt. While in the mountains, he performed a ritual invocation, saying: "Erklig is a god". Be aware that this is sinful 𐰞𐰯 : 𐰼 : 𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰃 : 𐰾𐰇𐰚𐰀 : 𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾 : 𐰾𐰇 : 𐰘𐰃𐰼𐰃𐰤𐱅𐰀 : 𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰏 : 𐰽𐰉𐰲𐰃 : 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰢𐰃𐰾 : 𐱅𐰃𐰼 : 𐰋𐰃𐰭𐰼𐰇 : 𐰚𐰠𐰾𐰼 : 𐰇𐰔𐰃 : 𐰀𐱃𐰣𐰢𐰃𐰾 : 𐰇𐰏𐰼𐰨𐰇𐰠𐰇𐰏 : 𐱃𐰃 : 𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰠𐰃𐰏 : 𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰼 : 𐱅𐰃𐰼 : 𐰨𐰀 : 𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰭𐰠𐰼 : 𐰪𐰃𐰍 : 𐰓𐰏𐰇 alp er oğlı süke barmış sü yirinte erklig sabçı töretmiş tir ebiŋerü kelser özi atanmış ögrünçülüg atı yetiglig kelir tir ança biliŋleri anığ edgü They say that the son of a heroic warrior went on a campaign. On the battlefield, Erklig made him his messenger. It is said that when he returns home, he comes back famous and joyful, with the honor of a man who has reached maturity. This is considered very good. 𐰨𐰯 : 𐰞𐰴𐰆 : 𐰚𐰤𐱅𐰇 : 𐰇𐰠𐰇𐰏𐰃 : 𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰃𐰏 : 𐰆𐰞 ançıp alqu kentü ülügi erklig ol And the fate of everyone, without exception, is in the hands of Erklig. Proverb about Umay on Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk اُمايقا تَبِنسا اُغُل بُلوُر Umayqa tabınsa oğul bolur He who honors Umay gains offsprings Sources: Dybo A. V. 2018. Proto-Turkic Mythologic Terms: Some Etymological Observations Tekin, Talat. 1968. A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic Kormushin, I. V. 1997. Turkic Yenisei Epitaphs: Texts and Studies. Klyashtorny S.G. 1981. Mythological motifs in ancient Turkic monuments Kashgari M. 2005. Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk (Almaty)