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🗓 On October 14, 1943, the only successful mass uprising in the Nazi death camp took place in Sobibor. Red Army Lieutenant Alexander Pechersky, a prisoner himself, led the inmates to their successful escape. 🕯 Sobibor was one of the death camps created exclusively for the extermination of people the Nazis considered inferior. At Sobibor, 250,000 people were mercilessly gassed or shot . Prisoners were tortured, starved and subjected to medical experiments. The victims were predominantly Polish Jews, though many were brought from Austria, Czechoslovakia, and the Netherlands. At the time of the uprising, there were approximately 550 prisoners in the camp. They considered the arrival of the Soviet prisoners of war, including Alexander Pechersky, as a source of inspiration. One of the survivors, Kalmen Wewryk, later wrote in his memoirs: They had combat experience and knew everything there was to know about rifles, bullets, etc. They did not hesitate to engage in close combat. Pechersky literally exuded authority and confidence. Although many perished in the attempt, 300 prisoners managed to escape. Unfortunately, Polish peasants turned most of them in to the Nazis, whereupon the Ukrainian collaborationists executed them by firing squad. The Sobibor case formed part of the charges against Nazi criminals at the Nuremberg Trials, and the accounts of eyewitnesses and participants in the uprising have become the basis of numerous books and several feature films. #Victory79#WeRemember

📅 On April 16, 1945, the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation was launched. It led to the final rout of the main German Nazi forces, the seizure of Berlin and the linking up with the troops of the Western allies. Over 3.5 million people took part in this large battle for the future of Europe. The main Soviet forces were those of the 2nd Byelorussian Front under the command of Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky, the 1st Byelorussian Front under the command of Marshall Georgy Zhukov and the First Ukrainian Front under the command of Marshall Ivan Konev. The Dnieper Military Flotilla, part of the forces of the Baltic Fleet and the 1st and 2nd Armies of the Polish Armed Forces were also involved in the hostilities. The operation started with a night attack during which 143 searchlights were used to blind the enemy. Soviet attack forces quickly broke through the first line of enemy defences but later on, the troops of the 1st Byelorussian Front under Marshal Zhukov were faced with strong resistance on the Seelow Heights. After fierce fighting on the approaches to the city on April 25, the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front and the 1st Byelorussian Front linked up to the west of the Third Reich capital, having completed the encirclement of the German group. The fighting for Reichstag began on April 29. By the late hours of May 5, the enemy resistance was finally suppressed and 134,000 German soldiers and officers surrendered. On the night of May 9, Marshal Zhukov together with representatives of the British, American and French commands accepted unconditional surrender of German troops in Karlshorst. The war in Europe was over. ☝️ During the Berlin operation, Soviet troops not only surrounded and defeated one of the Wehrmacht’s largest groups but also liberated about 200,000 prisoners of Nazi camps in the zone of hostilities. Over 600 participants in the operation were awarded with the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. #Victory79

🗓 On November 7, 1941, the historic military parade took place on the Red Square in Moscow marking the 24th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. The parade was organised and held, when the Nazi forces were already approaching the Soviet capital — at the time an unthinkable endeavour. Not only was it a defiance of Hitler's war machine and inhumane regime, but a testament to the unbending will of the Soviet people, the parade showed the Red Army soldiers and officers’ resilience and determination. The march involved some 28'500 servicemen, as well as 140 artillery pieces, 160 tanks, and 232 vehicles. From the Red Square, Soviet soldiers and officers headed directly to the front, ready to defend their Motherland from the Nazis no matter the hardships and seemingly improbable odds. The military parade became a symbol of the Soviet people’s fortitude and courage, inspired them in their fight against German aggression. It bolstered the USSR’s international prestige and strengthened the Allied coalition. ⚔️ A month later, the “invincible” Wehrmacht suffered its first major defeat, and Hitler’s ambitious blitzkrieg plan against the Soviet Union was thwarted. In 2004, a federal law was passed designating November 7 as a Day of Military Glory in Russia in honour of the Red Square military parade. Ever since, festive concerts and exhibitions commemorating this event have been held annually across the country. #Victory79

🗓#OnThisDay În urmă cu 212 ani, la 26 noiembrie 1812, pe râul Berezina a început ultima bătălie importantă din Războiul pentru Apărarea Patriei din 1812, care a dus la înfrângerea armatei lui Napoleon. https://t.me/MFARussia/22995

👩‍🚀#OnThisDay 61 years ago, Soviet cosmonaut & parachute enthusiast Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space. Her mission aboard the Vostok-6 spacecraft was a complete world sensation, inspired millions of women in the Soviet Union and abroad. The issue of launching a female cosmonaut was raised immediately after Yury Gagarin’s triumphant return from orbit. The goal was to compare the impact of outer space on male and female organisms and to study the possibility of launching civilian specialists into space in the future. 🚀 The Vostok-6 blasted off the Baikonur Cosmodrome on June 16 1963. The flight itself lasted for two days,22 hours and 50 minutes, the spacecraft orbited Earth 48 times. Until now Tereshkova remains the only female cosmonaut to undertake a solo space mission. 🎖 Valentina, then only 26, lifted off as a Lieutenant and came back a Captain. Three days after landing, she was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union title. Later, she received Hero of Socialist Labour of Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Vietnam and Mongolia and became an honorary citizen of 18 Russian and foreign cities. Tereshkova became the 6th Soviet cosmonaut, the 12th person in space and the youngest woman in orbit.

🇷🇺 On November 4, our country celebrates National Unity Day.#OnThisDay 412 years ago, a popular uprising liberated Moscow from Polish-Lithuanian invaders. Thousands of our country’s residents ofdifferent ethnicities, social strata & religions managed to close ranks to counter the existential threat and gave an example of genuine courage and loyalty to their Fatherland. In the early 17th century, the Russian state was going through one of the hardest periods in its history called the Time of Troubles. The Moscow branch of the Ryurik dynasty that used to rule the country for seven centuries, died out. Numerous impostors began to claim the throne, pretending to be Tsar Ivan IV's son, the deceased Tsarevich Dmitry. ▪️Our country was one step away from losing its sovereignty and could have vanished from the map of the world for good. The first of the impostors, False Dmitry I, managed to seize the throne in 1605 thanks to the support of Sigismund III King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. The adventurer hoped to annex the Seversk and Smolensk regions to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and spread Catholicism in Russia, but he miscalculated – a year later the unpopular False Dmitry I was deposed by the boyars, and the throne was taken by Vassily Shuisky, a representative of the Suzdal branch of the Rurikovich dynasty. The next impostor, False Dmitry II, was proposed in 1606 by Sigismund III’s opponents from among the Polish nobility. The north-west and north of Russian lands fell under the control of foreign invaders, and False Dmitry II himself settled in the town of Tushino, 17 kilometers from the Kremlin. In such circumstances Vassily Shuisky appealed to Sweden for help. Sigismund III, who was at war with the Swedes at the time, used this as a pretext for open intervention. In the autumn of 1609, Polish-Lithuanian troops besieged Smolensk and occupied a number of Russian cities. After False Dmitry II fled under the onslaught of the army of the Russian commander Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky in early 1610, some of the boyars who had been in Tushino made a compact with Sigismund III on naming his son Wladislaw tsar-elect. Power in the country passed to the boyar council who were forced to swear allegiance to Wladislaw. The interventionist troops occupied the Kremlin. ⚔️ Patriarch Hermogenes of Moscow and All Russia issued a call to resist foreign invaders, but the first national resistance alliance to gather in Ryazan was defeated. The initiator of the second resistance, the zemstvo headman Kuzma Minin, managed to gather an impressive army in Nizhny Novgorod of over 10,000 landowners, peasants, Cossacks, riflemen and nobles. Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, who was in that region for medical treatment, was elected to lead the army. In August 1612, they approached Moscow and in autumn defeated the superior forces of the interventionists in fierce battles. 👑 The liberation of the capital and the consolidation of the masses were a powerful boost for the revival of the Russian state. In 1613, the Zemsky Sobor (a nation-wide assembly) elected a new Russian tsar, Mikhail Romanov, the first of the new dynasty. By 1618, the last troops of Polish-Lithuanian and Swedish invaders were pushed out of Russia. 💬 President of Russia Vladimir Putin(Sevastopol, November 4, 2021): The people of Russia <...> came together <...> to defend their homeland, chase out the invaders and traitors, restore a strong state, and stop sectarian strife. They took on the task of saving the country and paved the way for Russia’s revival and strengthening. More than four centuries have passed since then, but the feat accomplished by the people still strikes us with its powerful outflow of patriotic feelings, and the fact that people came to understand that there was nothing more important than their Motherland’s destiny and future. 📜Learn more in our in-depth historical delve.

🎥L’ntervento dell’Ambasciatore della Russia in Italia Alexey Paramonov al concerto dedicato al 79 anniversario della Vittoria 📍9 maggio 2024, Villa Abamelek 🔗https://youtu.be/gCUmj8Vwu1E #Victory79

Il 9 maggio 2024, a Villa Abamelek, presso la Residenza dell'Ambasciatore russo in Italia, si è tenuto un gran concerto per festeggiare il Giorno della Vittoria. Moni Ovadia, figura di spicco della cultura italiana, regista, attore, con il Sestetto Moderno, ha eseguito canzoni degli anni della guerra e ha recitato in russo poesie di Konstantin Simonov, Evgenij Evtušenko, Vladimir Vysockij, Boris Pasternak, Anna Achmatova, Jurij Voronov, Anatolij Ternovskij. Il Coro di Casa Russa a Roma, sotto la direzione di Ekaterina Zarechnaya, ha eseguito le canzoni “Sacra guerra” e “Il Giorno della Vittoria”. Tra gli ospiti dell'evento figuravano gli Ambasciatori di Azerbaigian, Kazakistan, Kirghizistan, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, l'Incaricato d’Affari ad interim della Bielorussia, gli addetti militari delle Ambasciate di Serbia e Cina, un rappresentante dell'Ambasciata di Armenia, diplomatici russi, connazionali, rappresentanti della società civile italiana, dell'economia e della cultura. Al termine della performance musicale e poetica, agli ospiti è stato offerto un rinfresco con piatti e bevande nazionali di Russia, Bielorussia, Armenia, Kazakistan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizistan e Turkmenistan. #Victory79

🦅 On August 1, Russia commemorates the Day of Remembrance for Russian Soldiers Who Fell in World War I. On this day in 1914, Germany declared war on the Russian Empire, and by August 2, had already invaded its territory. Thus, our country joined the then largest and bloodiest armed conflict in history. At the beginning of the XX century, Europe was effectively divided into two opposing blocs — the Entente (the British Empire, France and Russia) and the Triple Alliance (the German Empire, Austro-Hungary, and Italy). Each side had mutual grievances, and their subsequent arms race marked the preparations for a large-scale war. The immediate trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo. He was killed by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the nationalist organisation "Young Bosnia". On July 23, Austro-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, deliberately containing demands that were impossible to meet. The Serbian government responded with restraint, accepting many of the conditions, but rejected some key points, including allowing Austro-Hungarian police onto Serbian territory. As a result, on July 28, Austro-Hungary declared war on Serbia. 🇷🇺 Russia, long regarded as the protector of Orthodox Slavic nations in the Balkans, could not remain uninvolved and on the night of July 31, declared a general mobilisation. On August 1, the German Empire declared war on the Russian Empire; two days later — on France. On August 4, the British Empire declared war on Germany. On August 6, Austro-Hungary declared war on Russia. Thus, within the span of a single week, the leading European powers were drawn into the conflict. The war that had begun among a few European countries gradually engulfed 38 nations. The conflict lasted just over four years but surpassed all previous wars in human history in both scale and consequences. The total number of mobilized soldiers reached 73.5 million. During the hostilities, 10 million people were killed — as many as had died in all European wars over the previous thousand years — and 20 million were wounded, 3.5 million of whom were left permanently disabled. 🥈 The Russian Empire had to fulfill its obligations as an ally while also pursuing its own strategic objectives. The most important directions, from the country's perspective, were the Southwestern and Caucasus fronts, while the Northwestern and Western directions played a less central role. However, due to treaty obligations, the Russian command undertook a full-scale offensive in East Prussia in 1914. Under these difficult conditions, our soldiers and officers demonstrated exceptional courage and bravery. One of the symbols of Russian valour was the defence of the Osowiec Fortress. German troops used chemical weapons — a mixture of chlorine and bromine — killing most of the garrison. To the enemy's shock, the surviving defenders launched a bayonet charge and drove them into retreat. This event went down in history as the "Attack of the Dead Men." One of the most significant and vivid episodes of World War I, according to many historians, was the famous Brusilov Offensive by the Russian Imperial Army on the Southwestern Front. It pushed Austro-Hungary to the brink of collapse and forced the German Empire to divert substantial forces from Verdun in France to the “Russian theatre of war.” 🕯The self-sacrifice of Russian soldiers and officers is hard to overestimate. Over the course of the war, over 2 million of them perished. Our country honours the memory of the heroes of those days: in 2004, the Memorial Park Complex to the Heroes of World War I was opened in Moscow, and in 2014, a monument to the heroes of World War I was unveiled on Poklonnaya Hill. In total, 20 monuments and memorials have been erected across Russia and abroad. 👉Read more #WeRemember

🔬«Чем больше мы познаем неизменные законы природы, тем все более невероятными становятся для нас чудеса»🔬 #OnThisDay мы отмечаем 216 лет со дня рождения Чарльза Дарвина – великого натуралиста и путешественника, который изменил наше представление о 🌿 природе и эволюции. Он был одним из первых, кто пришел к выводу и обосновал идею о том, что все виды живых 🐜 организмов эволюционируют со временем и происходят от общих предков. Основным механизмом эволюции видов Дарвин назвал естественный отбор. Дарвин совершил свое знаменитое путешествие на корабле «Beagle», во время которого собрал бесценные сведения о видах, среде обитания и естественном отборе. А спустя ⏳ годы его идеи повлияли и на русских исследователей природы — от путешественников до селекционеров, изучавших евразийскую флору и фауну. В 19 веке его труды активно переводили на русский язык, а российские ученые, такие как К. А. Тимирязев, стали одни из главных сторонников теории эволюции. Первый перевод «Происхождения видов» на русский язык появился всего через 5️⃣ лет после оригинальной публикации, что показывает, насколько тесно переплетены научные традиции наших стран. В 2009 году, когда отмечалось 200-летие со дня рождения Дарвина и 150-летие публикации «Происхождения видов», в Дарвиновском музее в Москве открылась крупнейшая в 🇷🇺 России выставка, посвященная его наследию, подтверждая то, что научные идеи не знают границ. В честь ученого были назначены две награды: медаль Дарвина и плакетка Дарвина, которые ежегодно вручаются Лондонским 👑 королевским обществом за выдающиеся достижения в биологии и тех областях науки, в которых работал Чарлз Дарвин. Сегодня наследие Дарвина продолжает объединять ученых по всему 🌎 миру в стремлении понять тайны жизни на Земле.

#OnThisDay исполняется 10 лет со дня установления Международного дня женщин и девочек в науке (IDWGS) и 30 лет со дня принятия Пекинской декларации и Платформы действий — двух важных вех в глобальных усилиях по продвижению 👩‍🦰 гендерного равенства и расширению прав и возможностей женщин. Несмотря на некоторый прогресс, достигнутый за последнее десятилетие, с переменным успехом в зависимости от дисциплины и страны, гендерное равенство в науке все еще остается недостижимым. Сегодня только каждый третий учёный — женщина. В таких передовых областях, как искусственный 🤖 интеллект, только каждый пятый профессионал (22%) — женщина. В Великобритании мы отдаем дань уважения таким женщинам-ученым, как астроном Каролина Гершель, ставшая первой женщиной, получившей оплату за научную работу, физик Мэри Сомервиль, которая стала первой женщиной, презентовавшей научную работу в Королевском обществе, и первой 👩‍⚕ женщине-врачу Элизабет Гарретт Андерсон. Среди женщин-ученых 20 века широко известна Дама Энн Макларен, фундаментальные достижения которой в 🩸 генетике проложили путь к развитию экстракорпорального оплодотворения. Ее новаторская работа привела к рождению первого «ребенка из пробирки». В то же время данные показывают, что в Великобритании женщины составляют лишь 30 процентов сотрудников в сфере STEM (наука, технология, инженерия и математика), а в некоторых областях, таких как компьютерные науки (23 процента) и инженерия и технологии (21 процент), данные еще более тревожные. Устранение гендерного разрыва в науке требует разрушения стереотипов, продвижения образцов для подражания, которые вдохновляют девочек, поддержки улучшения положения женщин с помощью целевых программ и содействия созданию 🟰 инклюзивной среды посредством политики и действий, которые способствуют инклюзивности, разнообразию и равенству.