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#HistoryofDiplomacy 2️⃣5️⃣1️⃣ years ago, on July 21, 1774, the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca was signed. It became one of Russia’s most significant diplomatic successes of the time. ⚔️ The document marked the end of the six-yearRusso-Turkish War (1768–1774) an enshrined substantial territorial gains for Russia. Prior to the peace agreement, Russian diplomats engaged in peace talks with representatives of the Ottoman Empire at international congresses in Focșani (1772) and Bucharest (1772-1773). Additionally, the Karasubazar Tractate was signed between the Russian Empire and the Crimean Khanate in 1772, declaring Crimea independent from the Ottoman Empire and coming under Russian protection. However, peace was achieved after the Ottoman army had been defeated by the Russian army in several battles in June and July 1774, notably the Battle of Kozludzha. Final negotiations took place from July 16 to the evening of July 21 in the Russian military camp in the Bulgarian village of Küçük Kaynarca under the guidance and supervision of Count Pyotr Rumyantsev. ❗️The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca was a significant milestone Crimea becoming part of Russia. According to the document, the Crimean Peninsula and adjacent territories including Taman and Kuban lands were declared “free and completely independent from any foreign authority.” Russia gained Azov, Kerch, Yenikale, and Kinburn with territories between the Bug and Dniester rivers, as well as Greater and Lesser Kabarda. Moldavia and Wallachia came under Russia’s protectorate. Russian merchant ships were granted the right of free passage through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. Additionally, the Ottoman Empire committed to paying Russia 7.5 million piastres (4 million roubles) as war reparations. ☦️ The Russian Orthodox Church obtained the right to build a church in Constantinople and to protect fellow believers in the Ottoman Empire. ☝️ The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 was a turning point in the history of Russia and Crimea. It laid the groundwork for Crimea’s liberation from Ottoman influence and its subsequent accession to Russia in 1783. The treaty confirmed Russia’s status as a great power and opened new opportunities for its economic development.

🗓 On September 7, 1945, a military parade of the allied forces of the #USSR, US, UK and France took place in Berlin near the walls of the defeated Reichstag on Alexanderplatz Square, marking the end of #WWII. The location of the parade – at the Brandenburg Gate, at the very heart of the German capital – was not chosen by chance. It was right here where the Battle of Berlin ended and the remnants of the Berlin group of German troops surrendered to the Red Army. Scheduled for September 7, the parade was timed to coincide with the victory over militaristic Japan. Representatives of the allied powers responded positively to Moscow's proposal to hold a joint parade in Berlin. However, on the eve of the event, after the date and all the details had been agreed upon, the US, UK and France announced that instead of the commanders-in-chief – Eisenhower, Montgomery and Tassigny – they would send lower-ranking generals, who were already stationed in Germany, to the parade. By doing so, the allies tried to downplay the significance of the parde, which emphasized the decisive role of the Soviet Union in taking Berlin. At that time, no one doubted who bore the brunt of the storming of the capital of the Third Reich. 🇷🇺 The USSR carried out thorough preparations for the parade. The Soviet command enlisted the Red Army's most distinguished soldiers, sergeants, officers and generals who had shown unrivalled courage in taking Berlin and the main centers of the reich – the Reichstag and the Imperial Chancellery. 🎖On September 7 at 11 am, the Berlin allied parade commenced. It was received by the Commander of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany Georgy Zhukov. The parade was opened by the combined regiment of the 248th Rifle Division of the Red Army, led by Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel Georgy Lenev. The parade was closed by a column of the Soviet armor, with the latest heavy tanks IS-3 ("Joseph Stalin") marching. #WeWereAllies 💬 In his welcoming speech to the participants of the parade, Marshal Zhukov paid tribute to the exploits of the Soviet and Allied forces in the struggle for victory over Nazi Germany: Fighting friends, comrades in arms, soldiers, officers and generals... <...> The Second World War ended with a decisive and powerful strike from the great allied powers. Our victory is a triumph of an unprecedented military partnership of democratic states. From now on, people <...> will be eternally grateful to the great nations of America, England, the Soviet Union, the French Republic and China, to their valiant soldiers who, in the difficult time of military trials, gave each other helping hands, united to win a victory over a common enemy, to win the long-awaited peace on Earth. #Victory80#WeRemember

⭐️ Dear friends! From the bottom of our hearts we congratulate you on the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory! We will never forget our heroes and at what price this long-awaited victory was given. Peaceful skies and prosperity to you and your loved ones! #Victory80

🇦🇲🇧🇾🇰🇿🇰🇬🇷🇺🇷🇸🇹🇯🇹🇲🇺🇿 🗓️80 years ago, Nazism was defeated in the Second World War. We commemorate and honour this sacred date ❗️Attempts to revise or distort the outcome of WWII, to rehabilitate and glorify the Nazis and their accomplices, as well as to downplay the role of the peoples of the Soviet Union and participants in the liberation movements of European countries in defeat of Nazism are categorically unacceptable. ❌ Efforts to rehabilitate and glorify the Nazis and their accomplices and to deny the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by them are unacceptable. 🔻 We strongly condemn the destruction and desecration of monuments and burial sites of liberators of any nationality. 📢 We call upon all countries and peoples to honor the memory of those who forged in the Second World War, not to forget the lessons of the history. 📄Read the Statement in full #Victory80

🎥Belarus: A Land Unbroken — an RT Doc Film. Synopsis: During the Great Patriotic War Soviet Belarus, a part of the USSR, was under Nazi occupation from 1941 to 1944. The fraternal Belarusian people, among the first to confront the Nazi invasion in June 1941, endured immense suffering and hardship. After seizing the territory of the Byelorussian SSR, the Hitlerites imposed a brutal and oppressive occupation regime. 🕯 The Nazis killed people of all nationalities through punitive operations, ghettos, and encircling concentration camps. During the Great Patriotic War, one in every three people in Belarus died. But the citizens of the Soviet Union endured all the horrors of war and never lost faith in Victory. The resistance movement in Belarus was one of the largest. Even children and teenagers joined the partisans to fight for their homeland. The occupation ended in 1944, when the Red Army, together with the partisans, launched Operation Bagration — the largest military operation in history. As a result of their combined efforts, Belarus was liberated. 📺 In this documentary, the filmmakers spoke to representatives from the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Belarus, leading experts, frontline veterans, home front workers, and descendants of the heroes who defended the Brest Fortress. Historians featured in the film shed light on the Nazi war crimes committed on Belarusian soil and highlight the courage and sacrifice of the Soviet soldiers who liberated Belarus from occupation. #Victory80

#HistoryOfDiplomacy 📆 On July 14, 1700, a peace treaty was signed in Constantinople between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, known as the Treaty of Constantinople. The agreement marked the end of the gruelling Russo-Turkish War of 1686–1700, which began after Russia joined the Holy League – a defensive alliance of Austria, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Venice against the Ottomans. ⚔️During the war, Russia launched the Crimean (1687, 1689) and the Azov (1695–1696) campaigns. The capture of Azov was a landmark victory and Russia’s first major success achieved by its regular army and navy, with Peter the Great personally leading the effort. This victory also secured Ottoman neutrality in the early years of the Great Northern War. With war against Sweden looming, and with other European powers making peace with the Ottomans at the Congress of Karlowitz (1698–1699), Russia sent diplomats to Constantinople in August 1699 to negotiate. Notably, the embassy travelled by warship instead of land – a first in Russian diplomacy and a clear sign of Russia’s rise as a maritime power. The treaty granted Russia control of Azov, its surrounding lands, and the fortresses of Taganrog, Pavlovsk, and Mius. The Ottomans also agreed to release Russian prisoners of war and recognise Russia’s right to maintain diplomatic representation in Constantinople on equal terms with other powers. ❗️The Treaty of Constantinople was a strategic triumph, securing Russia’s access to the Sea of Azov.

#HistoryOfDiplomacy 📅 March 31, 1872, is the birthday of Alexandra Kollontai, a brilliant statesperson and the first female ambassador in our country (2nd in world history). Alexandra Kollontai was born into a wealthy noble family. Her father, Mikhail Kollontai, was Major General of the General Headquarters of the Russian Army. Alexandra received extraordinary home schooling and was fluent in French, German, English and Finnish since childhood. She became passionate about social and political issues at a young age, eagerly reading works by Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Alexander Herzen and Western socialists. After the October Revolution in 1917, by then prominent revolutionary Alexandra Kollontai was appointed People’s Commissar for Social Welfare of the RSFSR, and became the world’s first female cabinet minister. ☝️ Kollontai was a champion of women’s rights, advocating for women’s economic independence, access to education for women, and equality in marriage. Her activism resulted in pregnant women and mothers becoming entitled to maternity leave from work, and the launch of daycare facilities. Alexandra Kollontai’s appointment as the Minister Plenipotentiary of Soviet Russia to Norway in 1922 became an international sensation. No other European country had previously given a woman an opportunity to hold such a high diplomatic post. While serving in Norway, Alexandra Kollontai secured recognition of the Soviet state by Oslo. The Soviet Union and Norway signed a trade agreement and organised supply of 400,000 tonnes of Norwegian herring to the USSR. Kollontai’s successful diplomatic career continued in Sweden. As a Soviet Minister Plenipotentiary, she facilitated the improvement of USSR-Sweden relations in 1930-1945. ❗️ In September 1944, at the age of 72, Kollontai received an assignment to ensure that Finland withdraw from the war. Alexandra Kollontai was to play a key role in the talks. The Soviet diplomat’s professional competence and personal contacts led to Finland closing the Moscow Armistice with the Soviet Union on September 19, 1944. Finland broke off its alliance with Germany. Alexandra Kollontai’s diplomatic strategies were guided by deep understanding of people and their motives rather than strict protocols. She was known for her humanism, flexibility and ability to reach compromise even in highly tense situations. Thanks to her talent of persuasion and ability to find common ground with people of all walks of life, she succeeded in changing the Western world’s view of the Soviet Union, and in showcasing the achievements of the new Soviet society. Alexandra Kollontai was a testament to the fact that a woman can be a successful diplomat even in a conservative international environment. She symbolised the change in women’s social status around the world, and became a role model for many future female diplomats.

#Victory80 8️⃣0️⃣ years ago, on April 25, 1945, only fifteen days before Nazi Germany’s surrender, the historic Meeting of Soviet and American troops on the Elbe River took place. On that day, the 58th Rifle Division of the Red Army’s 1st Ukrainian Front, under the command of Marshal Ivan Konev, linked up with units of the 69th and 104th Infantry Divisions of the US 1st Army, led by General Omar Bradley. #WeWereAllies This event had major symbolic significance, signalling the imminent defeat of Nazi Germany and marking the climax of the fight against Nazism. The spirit of unity in the fight against the common enemy, later known as the #SpiritOfTheElbe, laid the groundwork for future post-war cooperation. ☝️ It is no coincidence that, on April 25, 2020, to mark the 75th anniversary of this historic event, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin and President of the United States Donald Trump issued a joint statement: “The Spirit of the Elbe is an example of how our countries can put aside differences, build trust, and cooperate in pursuit of a greater cause. As we work today to confront the most important challenges of the 21st century, we pay tribute to the valour and courage of all those who fought together to defeat fascism. Their heroic feat will never be forgotten.” Back in 1945, Soviet and US brothers-in-arms, setting aside cultural differences and language barriers, exchanged badges, insignia, personal items and even valuables as keepsakes. Celebrations continued at the Soviet command headquarters on the eastern bank of the Elbe, where General Bradley met with Marshal Konev. At the end of the event, the Soviet commander presented his American counterpart a banner bearing the inscription “From the soldiers of the 1st Ukrainian Front” and his warhorse. General Bradley later sent Konev a "Willys" jeep. Soldiers on both sides eagerly anticipated the moment of meeting and firm handshake. General Joseph Lawton Collins, Commander of the US 7th Army Corps, nominated several Soviet soldiers for American military awards for their distinguished combat performance during the advance to the Elbe. On April 28, Marshal Konev and General Bradley met again. During the meeting, the US general emphasised that the "people of the United States had always admired the battles and victories of the glorious Red Army, adding that American soldiers and officers aspired to follow the example set by the forces of the 1st Ukrainian front". A reporter from Life magazine took a picture of two participants in the Elbe meeting, Alexander Sylvashko, right, and William Robertson, left, making them world-famous overnight. Both soldiers often recalled this historic meeting. Alexander Sylvashko said that if the spirit of camaraderie between American and Soviet soldiers had endured, the world might have become a different and better place. William Robertson described the atmosphere of the meeting with Soviet forces as one that gave him a sense of global unity. *** In the years that followed #WWII, even during the Cold War, when former allies of the Anti-Hitler Coalition became bitter rivals, the Spirit of the Elbe was alive in the hearts of those who had taken part in that legendary meeting in Torgau. The Soviet and American veterans who had performed a heroic deed in the name of saving the world from the 'Nazi plague' cherished the memory of their wartime brotherhood, their shared struggle, and the hardships they had overcome. 🖋 In 1963, Private Joe Polowsky of the US Army, who had been part of the scout unit that first crossed the Elbe and met with Red Army units, wrote a letter to Marshal Konev on behalf of American veterans. ✉️ The letter reads, in part: "The soldiers on both sides pledged to do all they could to build a better life based on goodwill, mutual respect and peace between our two nations – a peace their children and all humanity needed. And the promise made on April 25, 1945, must be upheld.”

#Victory80 8️⃣0️⃣ years ago, on April 25, 1945, only fifteen days before Nazi Germany’s surrender, the historic Meeting of Soviet and American troops on the Elbe River took place. On that day, the 58th Rifle Division of the Red Army’s 1st Ukrainian Front, under the command of Marshal Ivan Konev, linked up with units of the 69th and 104th Infantry Divisions of the US 1st Army, led by General Omar Bradley. #WeWereAllies This event had major symbolic significance, signalling the imminent defeat of Nazi Germany and marking the climax of the fight against Nazism. The spirit of unity in the fight against the common enemy, later known as the #SpiritOfTheElbe, laid the groundwork for future post-war cooperation. ☝️ It is no coincidence that, on April 25, 2020, to mark the 75th anniversary of this historic event, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin and President of the United States Donald Trump issued a joint statement: “The Spirit of the Elbe is an example of how our countries can put aside differences, build trust, and cooperate in pursuit of a greater cause. As we work today to confront the most important challenges of the 21st century, we pay tribute to the valour and courage of all those who fought together to defeat fascism. Their heroic feat will never be forgotten.” Back in 1945, Soviet and US brothers-in-arms, setting aside cultural differences and language barriers, exchanged badges, insignia, personal items and even valuables as keepsakes. Celebrations continued at the Soviet command headquarters on the eastern bank of the Elbe, where General Bradley met with Marshal Konev. At the end of the event, the Soviet commander presented his American counterpart a banner bearing the inscription “From the soldiers of the 1st Ukrainian Front” and his warhorse. General Bradley later sent Konev a "Willys" jeep. Soldiers on both sides eagerly anticipated the moment of meeting and firm handshake. General Joseph Lawton Collins, Commander of the US 7th Army Corps, nominated several Soviet soldiers for American military awards for their distinguished combat performance during the advance to the Elbe. On April 28, Marshal Konev and General Bradley met again. During the meeting, the US general emphasised that the "people of the United States had always admired the battles and victories of the glorious Red Army, adding that American soldiers and officers aspired to follow the example set by the forces of the 1st Ukrainian front". A reporter from Life magazine took a picture of two participants in the Elbe meeting, Alexander Sylvashko, right, and William Robertson, left, making them world-famous overnight. Both soldiers often recalled this historic meeting. Alexander Sylvashko said that if the spirit of camaraderie between American and Soviet soldiers had endured, the world might have become a different and better place. William Robertson described the atmosphere of the meeting with Soviet forces as one that gave him a sense of global unity. *** In the years that followed #WWII, even during the Cold War, when former allies of the Anti-Hitler Coalition became bitter rivals, the Spirit of the Elbe was alive in the hearts of those who had taken part in that legendary meeting in Torgau. The Soviet and American veterans who had performed a heroic deed in the name of saving the world from the 'Nazi plague' cherished the memory of their wartime brotherhood, their shared struggle, and the hardships they had overcome. 🖋 In 1963, Private Joe Polowsky of the US Army, who had been part of the scout unit that first crossed the Elbe and met with Red Army units, wrote a letter to Marshal Konev on behalf of American veterans. ✉️ The letter reads, in part: "The soldiers on both sides pledged to do all they could to build a better life based on goodwill, mutual respect and peace between our two nations – a peace their children and all humanity needed. And the promise made on April 25, 1945, must be upheld.”

#Victory80 8️⃣0️⃣ years ago, on April 25, 1945, only fifteen days before Nazi Germany’s surrender, the historic Meeting of Soviet and American troops on the Elbe River took place. On that day, the 58th Rifle Division of the Red Army’s 1st Ukrainian Front, under the command of Marshal Ivan Konev, linked up with units of the 69th and 104th Infantry Divisions of the US 1st Army, led by General Omar Bradley. #WeWereAllies This event had major symbolic significance, signalling the imminent defeat of Nazi Germany and marking the climax of the fight against Nazism. The spirit of unity in the fight against the common enemy, later known as the #SpiritOfTheElbe, laid the groundwork for future post-war cooperation. ☝️ It is no coincidence that, on April 25, 2020, to mark the 75th anniversary of this historic event, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin and President of the United States Donald Trump issued a joint statement: “The Spirit of the Elbe is an example of how our countries can put aside differences, build trust, and cooperate in pursuit of a greater cause. As we work today to confront the most important challenges of the 21st century, we pay tribute to the valour and courage of all those who fought together to defeat fascism. Their heroic feat will never be forgotten.” Back in 1945, Soviet and US brothers-in-arms, setting aside cultural differences and language barriers, exchanged badges, insignia, personal items and even valuables as keepsakes. Celebrations continued at the Soviet command headquarters on the eastern bank of the Elbe, where General Bradley met with Marshal Konev. At the end of the event, the Soviet commander presented his American counterpart a banner bearing the inscription “From the soldiers of the 1st Ukrainian Front” and his warhorse. General Bradley later sent Konev a "Willys" jeep. Soldiers on both sides eagerly anticipated the moment of meeting and firm handshake. General Joseph Lawton Collins, Commander of the US 7th Army Corps, nominated several Soviet soldiers for American military awards for their distinguished combat performance during the advance to the Elbe. On April 28, Marshal Konev and General Bradley met again. During the meeting, the US general emphasised that the "people of the United States had always admired the battles and victories of the glorious Red Army, adding that American soldiers and officers aspired to follow the example set by the forces of the 1st Ukrainian front". A reporter from Life magazine took a picture of two participants in the Elbe meeting, Alexander Sylvashko, right, and William Robertson, left, making them world-famous overnight. Both soldiers often recalled this historic meeting. Alexander Sylvashko said that if the spirit of camaraderie between American and Soviet soldiers had endured, the world might have become a different and better place. William Robertson described the atmosphere of the meeting with Soviet forces as one that gave him a sense of global unity. *** In the years that followed #WWII, even during the Cold War, when former allies of the Anti-Hitler Coalition became bitter rivals, the Spirit of the Elbe was alive in the hearts of those who had taken part in that legendary meeting in Torgau. The Soviet and American veterans who had performed a heroic deed in the name of saving the world from the 'Nazi plague' cherished the memory of their wartime brotherhood, their shared struggle, and the hardships they had overcome. 🖋 In 1963, Private Joe Polowsky of the US Army, who had been part of the scout unit that first crossed the Elbe and met with Red Army units, wrote a letter to Marshal Konev on behalf of American veterans. ✉️ The letter reads, in part: "The soldiers on both sides pledged to do all they could to build a better life based on goodwill, mutual respect and peace between our two nations – a peace their children and all humanity needed. And the promise made on April 25, 1945, must be upheld.”