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Изходен канал @clockstackwheels · Post #721 · 26.12

Почему я люблю языки с сильной системой типов, проверяемой статическим анализом кода — хорошо написанная программа является своей собственной спецификацией и позволяет выражать через язык программирования законы существования предметной области. Когда-то давно я писал на ActionScript. Там была система типов, но вот десериализация JSON'ов по-умолчанию была в какой-то общий Object, к полям которого нужно было обращаться ["по_строковому_имени"]. В один момент мне потребовалось написать что-то на C#, который я совсем не знал, я стал гуглить, как десериализовать JSON, и с удивлением обнаружил кучу советов заранее объявить класс со всеми нужными полями и десериализовать в него. "Какой ужас!", — подумал я тогда, — "Это же дико неудобно! А если я не знаю полей JSON? А если их много? Отвратительный язык!" Теперь то я прекрасно понимаю, что JSON это контракт, и что правильная десериализация только такая и должна быть, и что в хорошем API в одном поле никогда не бывает данных принципиально разных типов, и так далее. Нет, если вы набиваете вечерами пет-проект или сидите бессонную ночь на хакатоне, нет ничего плохого в том, чтобы взять простой язык с динамическими типами вроде JavaScript или Python, не требующий описывать данные. Но вот в энтерпрайзе, особенно когда над одним проектом работает много людей (а бывает это очень часто) — хорошее использование системы типов убережёт разработчиков от огромного количества ошибок, будет бить их по рукам, когда они пытаются сделать что-то не то, и будет подсказывать, когда они не уверены в чём-то. С помощью статической типизации можно на уровне кода обозначить правила, по которым ведёт себя предметная область вашей программы в реальном мире. Разработчику не только будет сложно их нарушить, но он ещё и станет узнавать какие-то вещи, которые мог не знать раньше. Например, если мы делаем медицинскую CRM, и больница заводит новых пациентов только тогда, когда знает их группу крови, мы можем объявить тип "Пациент" (или, если точнее, "Карта пациента") и запретить создавать экземпляры этого типа, не передав в конструктор группу крови (которая, в свою очередь, тоже является типом, вероятнее всего ValueObject'ом). Если новый программист пришёл в проект, он, во-первых, не сможет записать в БД некорректную карту пациента. Понятно, мы не учитываем случаи, когда новый программист переделывает модели предметной области — это будет хорошо видно на кодревью. А, во-вторых, даже если ему никто не сказал, что пациенты должны быть с группой крови, он узнает это из кода. И уже будет понимать, что в тех процессах реальной жизни, которые он описывает кодом, карта пациента создаётся только при наличии группы крови. А, значит, нужно искать какой-то способ сначала эту группу крови получить, и только потом создавать карту. Программирование моделирует реальный процесс. В настоящей работе даже на языках с типами, конечно, без должного контроля можно написать что угодно. Нужна управленческая воля, компетентность руководства, понимание опасности техдолга, в идеале отдельные должности для архитекторов, опытные лиды и старшие разработчики. Но когда всё это есть, можно отсекать много проблем ещё на старте и проще погружать новичков. #dev

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English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #59188 · 16.02.2025 г., 20:40

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Balance {noun} 💠1- your ability to stand or walk steadily, without falling ✨VERBS ◾️ lose your balance (=become unsteady) ◾️ keep your balance (=stay steady) ◾️ regain/ recover your balance (=become steady again) ◾️ knock/ throw sb off balance ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ off balance ✨PHRASES ◾️ a sense of balance 💠2- a situation in which there is the right relationship between things ✨ADJECTIVES ◾️ a good/ healthy balance ◾️ a fine balance (=hard to achieve) ◾️ a delicate balance (=easily damaged) ◾️ the right/ proper/ correct balance ◾️ the natural balance ◾️ the ecological balance ◾️ the political/ military balance ✨VERBS ◾️ get/ find/ achieve/ strike a balance (=succeed in getting the balance right) ◾️ keep/ maintain/ preserve a balance ◾️ upset/ disturb/ disrupt the balance (=make it less equal or correct) ◾️ change/ alter/ shift the balance ◾️ redress/ restore the balance (=make it equal or correct again) ◾️ the balance changes/ alters/ shifts ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ a balance between things ✨PHRASES ◾️ the balance of power ◾️ the balance of nature ◾️ your work–life balance (=between your work and the rest of your life)

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #59187 · 16.02.2025 г., 20:39

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Bail {noun} 💠money left with a court of law to make sure that a prisoner will return when his or her trial starts ✨PHRASES ◾️ be released/ freed on bail also be remanded on bail BrE (=be given bail and allowed to stay out of prison, usually until a trial takes place) ◾️ apply/ ask for bail ◾️ be held without bail ✨VERBS ◾️ be granted/ given bail ◾️ be refused bail ◾️ get bail ◾️ set bail (=say how much bail someone must pay) ◾️ post bail also put up bail (=pay the amount set as bail) ◾️ oppose bail (=ask a judge not to grant bail) ◾️ jump bail also skip bail BrE (=not return for your trial as you promised) ✨ADJECTIVES/ NOUNS + bail ◾️ police bail BrE (=bail given to someone by the police while deciding whether to charge them with a crime) ◾️ conditional/ unconditional bail (=bail which has or does not have rules and conditions) ✨bail + NOUNS ◾️ a bail application also an application for bail ◾️ a bail condition ◾️ a bail hearing (=a meeting of a court, that decides whether someone should be given bail) ◾️ a bail bond (=a sum of borrowed money left with a court by the person receiving bail) ◾️ a bail bondsman (=a person or company that provides bail bonds) ◾️ a bail hostel (=a place for people on bail who do not have a permanent home) ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ on bail

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #59107 · 10.02.2025 г., 12:42

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Acceptable {adjective} 💠good enough or satisfactory ADVERBS ◾️ completely/ totally/ entirely/ fully acceptable ◾️ quite acceptable ◾️ perfectly acceptable (=completely acceptable – often used when you disagree with someone) ◾️ generally/ widely acceptable (=most people think it is acceptable) ◾️ not remotely acceptable (=not acceptable at all) ◾️ mutually acceptable (=acceptable to both people or groups) ◾️ socially/ culturally acceptable ◾️ morally/ ethically acceptable ✨VERBS ◾️ prove acceptable formal (=be found to be acceptable) ◾️ make sth acceptable ◾️ find/ consider sth acceptable also deem sth acceptable formal (=think it is acceptable) ✨NOUNS ◾️ an acceptable standard/ level ◾️ acceptable behaviour ◾️ an acceptable solution ◾️ an acceptable way ◾️ an acceptable alternative ◾️ acceptable quality ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ acceptable to sb ◾️ acceptable for sth ✨PHRASES ◾️ be the acceptable face of sth (=be acceptable to people who do not usually approve of that type of thing)

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #59106 · 10.02.2025 г., 12:42

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Accept {verb} 💠1- to take something that someone offers you, or to agree to do something that someone asks you to do ✨NOUNS ◾️ accept an offer/ invitation ◾️ accept a gift/ present/ bribe ◾️ accept an award ◾️ accept help/ aid/ assistance ◾️ accept an apology ◾️ accept sb’s resignation ◾️ accept a challenge ✨ADVERBS ◾️ gladly/ willingly/ readily accept sth ◾️ gratefully accept sth ◾️ graciously accept sth (=in a polite and kind way) ◾️ reluctantly accept sth ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ accept sth from sb 💠2- to decide that there is nothing you can do to change a bad situation ✨NOUNS ◾️ accept a situation ◾️ accept reality (=accept the real situation) ◾️ accept defeat ◾️ accept the consequences ◾️ accept your fate ◾️ accept the inevitable ◾️ accept the fact (that)... ✨VERBS ◾️ be forced to accept sth ◾️ learn/ come to accept sth (=gradually accept something) 💠3- to agree that something is right or true ✨NOUNS ◾️ accept an idea/ principle/ notion ◾️ accept a view ◾️ accept an argument ◾️ accept an explanation ◾️ accept a proposal ◾️ accept a claim ◾️ accept a recommendation ◾️ accept the need for sth ✨ADVERBS ◾️ be generally/ widely/ commonly accepted (=by many or most people) ◾️ be universally accepted (=by everyone) ◾️ fully accept sth (=completely) ◾️ readily/ happily accept sth ◾️ reluctantly/ grudgingly accept sth (=unwillingly) ◾️ blindly/ unquestioningly accept sth disapproving (=without thinking or asking questions) ✨PHRASES ◾️ accept sth at face value (=accept something without thinking that there may be a hidden meaning) ◾️ have no choice but to accept sth

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #59105 · 10.02.2025 г., 12:41

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Accent {noun} 💠the way someone pronounces the words of a language, showing which country or which part of a country they come from ✨VERBS ◾️ have an accent ◾️ speak with an accent ◾️ pick up an accent ◾️ lose your accent ◾️ put on an accent (=deliberately speak with a different accent from your usual one) ✨ADJECTIVES/ NOUNS + accent ◾️ a strong/ broad/ thick/heavy accent ◾️ a slight/ faint accent ◾️ a French/ American etc accent ◾️ a New York/ London etc accent ◾️ a foreign accent ◾️ a regional accent ◾️ a southern/ northern accent ◾️ an upper-class/ middle-class/ working-class accent ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ with an accent ◾️ in an accent ✨PHRASES ◾️ a hint/ trace of an accent Note 💢 Strong, broad, thick, or heavy accent? You use all these words when saying that someone’s accent is very noticeable. ♣️Strong is the most common word: ✨ Ex:- The man had a strong German accent. ♣️ You use thick or heavy when someone’s accent is very strong and difficult to understand: ✨ Ex:- The teacher had a thick Scottish accent, and some of the students had difficulty following what he said. ♣️ You use broad when someone has an accent from a particular part of the UK or the US: ✨ Ex:- She spoke with a broad Yorkshire accent. 💢Accent or pronunciation? 💠 Your accent shows which country, or which social group you come from. 💠Pronunciation is a more general word meaning the way in which a language or a particular word is pronounced.

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #58848 · 06.01.2025 г., 20:09

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Zone {noun} 💠a large area that is different from other areas around it in some way ✨ADJECTIVES/ NOUNS + zone ◾️ a war zone ◾️ a danger zone ◾️ an earthquake zone (=where earthquakes are likely to happen) ◾️ a disaster zone ◾️ an economic zone (=an area with special trade or tax conditions) ◾️ an enterprise zone (=where business activity is encouraged by the government) ◾️ a time zone (=which has a different time from the rest of the world) ◾️ a 20 miles/ 80 kilometres etc per hour zone (=where vehicles’ speed is limited) ◾️ a no-parking zone ◾️ a pedestrian zone (=only for people walking, not cars) ◾️ a smoke-free/ nuclear-free etc zone (=where smoking, nuclear weapons etc are not allowed) ◾️ a demilitarized zone (=where soldiers and military activities are not allowed) ◾️ the euro zone (=the countries where the euro is used as the official money) ◾️ a no-fly zone (=an area that aircraft are not allowed to fly in) ✨VERBS ◾️ enter a zone ◾️ leave a zone ◾️ set up/ establish/ create a zone ◾️ declare/ designate sth a zone (=officially make it a zone) ◾️ divide sth into zones ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ in a zone

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #58847 · 06.01.2025 г., 20:09

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Zeal {noun} 💠great eagerness to do something ✨ADJECTIVES ◾️ great zeal ◾️ excessive zeal (=too much) ◾️ missionary/ religious zeal (=great eagerness because you strongly believe that something is right) ◾️ revolutionary/ reforming zeal (=eagerness to make big changes) ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ with zeal ◾️ a zeal for sth ✨PHRASES ◾️ in sb’s zeal to do sth

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #58815 · 29.12.2024 г., 18:28

#COLLOCATIONS 💠Year {noun} 1- a period of 365 or 366 days divided into 12 months, beginning on January 1st and ending on December 31st ✨ADJECTIVES ◾️ this/ next/ last year ◾️ every year ◾️ the current year ◾️ the coming year (=the year that is about to start) ◾️ the past year ◾️ the previous year ◾️ the following year ◾️ the new year (=used to talk about the beginning of the next year) ◾️ the school/ academic year (=the period of the year during which there are school or university classes) ◾️ the financial/ fiscal year (=the 12-month period over which a company’s accounts are calculated) ◾️ a leap year (=a year that has 366 days, which happens every four years) ✨VERBS ◾️ a year passes (by)/ goes by ◾️ spend a year ◾️ sth takes a year ◾️ last a year ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ in/ during/ over the year ◾️ in the year 1846/1900 etc ◾️ for a year/ three years etc ✨PHRASES ◾️ the beginning/ start of the year ◾️ the end of the year ◾️ all year round (=at all times during the year) ◾️ (at) this time of year (=used especially when talking about the season) 💠2- a particular period of time in someone’s life or in history {Grammar Always plural in this meaning} ✨ADJECTIVES ◾️ early years ◾️ later/ latter years ◾️ the last/ final/ closing years of sth ◾️ the intervening years (=between two periods or events) ◾️ sb’s teenage years ◾️ sb’s formative years (=when someone’s character develops) ✨NOUNS + years ◾️ b’s childhood years ◾️ the war years ◾️ the boom years (=when an economy or industry is very successful) ◾️ sb’s retirement years ✨PHRASES ◾️ in recent years ◾️ in later years ◾️ in years gone by (=in the past) 🍀Don’t say in ancient years. Say in ancient times or long ago. ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ the years of sth ◾️ sb’s years in sth ◾️ sb’s years as sth ◾️ during the years

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #58814 · 29.12.2024 г., 18:28

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Yard {noun} 💠 1- AmEthe area around a house, usually covered with grass ✨ ADJECTIVES ◾️ a back yard/ backyard 🍀It is more common to write backyard as one word. ◾️ a front yard ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ in the yard 🍀In British English, people say garden ✨yard + NOUNS ◾️ a yard sale (=a sale of used clothes and things from someone’s house which takes place in their yard) 💠2- an enclosed area next to a building or group of buildings, used for a special purpose, activity, or business ✨NOUNS + yard ◾️ a school yard/ schoolyard 🍀It is more common to write schoolyard as one word. ◾️ a prison yard ◾️ a timber yard (=where wood for building or making things is stored or sold) ◾️ a builder’s yard (=where materials for building are stored or sold) ◾️ a goods/ freight yard (=where goods can be loaded onto or unloaded from trains)

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #58698 · 08.12.2024 г., 20:46

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Wait "2"{noun} 💠a period of time in which you wait for something to happen, someone to arrive etc ✨ADJECTIVES/ NOUNS + wait ◾️ a long/ lengthy wait ◾️ a short/ brief wait ◾️ a one-hour/ 30-minute etc wait ◾️ an anxious/ nervous wait ◾️ the average wait ✨VERBS ◾️ have a wait ◾️ face a wait ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ a wait for sth ✨PHRASES ◾️ be worth the wait

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #58697 · 08.12.2024 г., 20:46

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Wait "1"{verb} 💠to stay somewhere or not do something until something else happens, someone arrives etc ✨ADVERBS ◾️ wait patiently ◾️ wait anxiously/ nervously ◾️ wait expectantly (=because you are hoping that something good or exciting will happen) ◾️ wait forever informal also wait ages BrEinformal (=wait a long time) ◾️ not wait long (=not wait for a long time) ◾️ wait around also wait about BrE (=stay in the same place and do nothing while you are waiting) ◾️ wait up (=wait for someone to return before you go to bed) ◾️ wait in BrE (=stay at home and wait there for someone to arrive) ✨wait + NOUNS ◾️ a waiting list (=a list of people who are waiting for something) ◾️ a waiting room (=a room at a station, doctor’s etc where people wait) ✨PREPOSITIONS ◾️ wait for sb ◾️ wait for sth ◾️ wait until/ till sth ✨PHRASES ◾️ wait two hours/ 20 minutes etc ◾️ keep sb waiting ◾️ wait with bated breath (=while feeling very anxious or excited) ◾️ wait in vain (=wait for something that never happens) ◾️ wait and see (=used when saying that you will find out about something soon) ◾️ wait your turn (=wait until it is your turn to do something) ◾️ wait a minute/ second/ moment (=used for telling someone to not do something immediately) 💢Note:- 💢 🌀Can’t wait If you say that you can’t wait to do something, you mean that you feel very excited about it Ex:- I can’t wait to see my family again.

English From Zero to Hero

@Learn_English_from_Zero_to_Hero · Post #58696 · 08.12.2024 г., 20:45

#COLLOCATIONS ◼️Wage {noun} 💠money you earn for doing your job [Grammar Often plural] ✨ADJECTIVES ◾️ high wages ◾️ low wages ◾️ good wages ◾️ a decent wage (=a fairly good one) ◾️ the hourly/ daily/ monthly etc wage ◾️ the minimum wage (=the lowest wage that a company can pay someone according to the law) ◾️ the basic wage (=before extra amounts are added) ◾️ lost wages (=the amount you lose by not being able to work) ✨VERBS ◾️ earn a wage also be on a wage BrE ◾️ get/ receive a wage ◾️ pay a wage ◾️ supplement your wages (=earn extra money) ◾️ dock sb’s wages (=give someone less money as a punishment) ◾️ push up/ raise wages (=increase them) ◾️ hold down/ keep down wages (=keep them at a low level) ◾️ wages increase/ rise ◾️ wages fall ✨wage + NOUNS ◾️ a wage increase/ rise ◾️ a wage reduction/ cut ◾️ a wage freeze (=wages stay the same) ◾️ wage levels/ rates ◾️ the wage bill (=the amount a company has to pay in wages) ◾️ a wage earner (=someone who earns a wage) ◾️ wage differentials (=differences in people’s wages) ✨PHRASES ◾️ a cut/ drop in wages (=someone’s wages are reduced) ◾️ a fall/ decline in wages (=wages become lower generally) ◾️ an increase/ rise in wages

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