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Изходен канал @clockstackwheels · Post #721 · 26.12

Почему я люблю языки с сильной системой типов, проверяемой статическим анализом кода — хорошо написанная программа является своей собственной спецификацией и позволяет выражать через язык программирования законы существования предметной области. Когда-то давно я писал на ActionScript. Там была система типов, но вот десериализация JSON'ов по-умолчанию была в какой-то общий Object, к полям которого нужно было обращаться ["по_строковому_имени"]. В один момент мне потребовалось написать что-то на C#, который я совсем не знал, я стал гуглить, как десериализовать JSON, и с удивлением обнаружил кучу советов заранее объявить класс со всеми нужными полями и десериализовать в него. "Какой ужас!", — подумал я тогда, — "Это же дико неудобно! А если я не знаю полей JSON? А если их много? Отвратительный язык!" Теперь то я прекрасно понимаю, что JSON это контракт, и что правильная десериализация только такая и должна быть, и что в хорошем API в одном поле никогда не бывает данных принципиально разных типов, и так далее. Нет, если вы набиваете вечерами пет-проект или сидите бессонную ночь на хакатоне, нет ничего плохого в том, чтобы взять простой язык с динамическими типами вроде JavaScript или Python, не требующий описывать данные. Но вот в энтерпрайзе, особенно когда над одним проектом работает много людей (а бывает это очень часто) — хорошее использование системы типов убережёт разработчиков от огромного количества ошибок, будет бить их по рукам, когда они пытаются сделать что-то не то, и будет подсказывать, когда они не уверены в чём-то. С помощью статической типизации можно на уровне кода обозначить правила, по которым ведёт себя предметная область вашей программы в реальном мире. Разработчику не только будет сложно их нарушить, но он ещё и станет узнавать какие-то вещи, которые мог не знать раньше. Например, если мы делаем медицинскую CRM, и больница заводит новых пациентов только тогда, когда знает их группу крови, мы можем объявить тип "Пациент" (или, если точнее, "Карта пациента") и запретить создавать экземпляры этого типа, не передав в конструктор группу крови (которая, в свою очередь, тоже является типом, вероятнее всего ValueObject'ом). Если новый программист пришёл в проект, он, во-первых, не сможет записать в БД некорректную карту пациента. Понятно, мы не учитываем случаи, когда новый программист переделывает модели предметной области — это будет хорошо видно на кодревью. А, во-вторых, даже если ему никто не сказал, что пациенты должны быть с группой крови, он узнает это из кода. И уже будет понимать, что в тех процессах реальной жизни, которые он описывает кодом, карта пациента создаётся только при наличии группы крови. А, значит, нужно искать какой-то способ сначала эту группу крови получить, и только потом создавать карту. Программирование моделирует реальный процесс. В настоящей работе даже на языках с типами, конечно, без должного контроля можно написать что угодно. Нужна управленческая воля, компетентность руководства, понимание опасности техдолга, в идеале отдельные должности для архитекторов, опытные лиды и старшие разработчики. Но когда всё это есть, можно отсекать много проблем ещё на старте и проще погружать новичков. #dev

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AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #481 · 10.01.2025 г., 08:04

🇪🇺Essential EU AI Act Guides With the EU AI Act now in effect, understanding its implications is non-negotiable for anyone working with artificial intelligence. To navigate its complexity, here are five comprehensive guides that you should explore, download, and bookmark: 📥The William Fry AI Guide (William Fry LLP) 📥European Union Artificial Intelligence Act: a guide (Bird & Bird) 📥EU AI Act A Pioneering Legal Framework On Artificial Intelligence - Practical Guide (Cuatrecasas) 📥EU AI Act: Navigating a Brave New World (Latham & Watkins) 📥Decoding the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (KPMG) #EUAIAct#AIRegulation

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #211 · 11.01.2024 г., 08:04

European Commission Published Comprehensive Answers to Crucial AI Act Questions Hello everybody! The European Commission has unveiled comprehensive answers to pivotal questions about the EU AI Act, shedding light on aspects ranging from high-risk AI systems to safeguarding fundamental rights. The released Q&A by the European Commission provides crucial insights into the rationale, risks, and application of the EU AI Act. It addresses key concerns such as identifying high-risk AI, the obligations of providers, and the regulatory framework for general-purpose AI models. #EUAIAct#AIRegulation

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #169 · 20.11.2023 г., 08:04

Understanding Concerns about EU AI Act Hello, everybody! In a recent blog post, German doctoral students Anton Leicht and Dominik Hermle dissected the ongoing criticism surrounding the EU AI Act's regulations on foundation models. The focus of the debate has been the potential economic impact, particularly on the development of European foundation models. Leicht and Hermle underscore that key EU players, like Aleph Alpha and MistralAI, have garnered significant investments, yet lag behind global counterparts such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in both performance and applications. Despite securing hundreds of millions in funding, Aleph Alpha and MistralAI's top models still fall short of GPT-3 and Meta's LlaMa-2 weakest version. The crux of the issue lies in concerns about economic competitiveness against giants like OpenAI, Google, and Meta. Critics, notably from France and Germany, fear that stringent regulations might impede European foundation model development, hindering the continent's ability to catch up with global AI leaders. Leicht and Hermle caution against dismissing comprehensive regulations. They argue that avoiding stringent oversight may risk burdening downstream deployers, potentially leading to increased compliance costs and economic pitfalls. The debate on finding the right balance between regulation and fostering innovation in the AI landscape continues. #AILaw#EUAIAct

IT юрист

@ImlawIT · Post #97 · 18.01.2024 г., 06:59

Европейская комиссия опубликовала ответы на важнейшие вопросы по Закону об искусственном интеллекте Европейская комиссия представила ответы на важнейшие вопросы о Законе ЕС об искусственном интеллекте - от систем искусственного интеллекта с высоким уровнем риска до защиты прав. #EUAIAct#AIRegulation

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #715 · 03.12.2025 г., 08:04

🇪🇺Europe’s “Digital Omnibus on AI”: A Strategic Recalibration Before the EU AI Act Goes Live Law firm Cooley has summarised the European Commission's proposed “Digital Omnibus on AI” (19 November 2025) to streamline EU AI Act implementation, ease compliance burdens and adjust compliance deadlines before full application on 2 August 2026. Key amendments include: ✔️ extended timelines for high-risk AI requirements, delayed until harmonised standards are ready; ✔️ extended grace periods for legacy AI systems giving generative AI providers six months extra (until 2 February 2027) to meet transparency obligations like content watermarking; ✔️ broader application of the bias mitigation derogation allowing all AI providers and deployers to process sensitive data to reduce bias regardless of risk level; ✔️ deletion of registration requirements for non-high-risk AI systems under Annex III; ✔️ codes of practice lose hard-law pathway; ✔️ clarifications on conformity assessment procedures for embedded AI; ✔️ scrapped post-market monitoring templates; ✔️ new provisions introducing EU-level regulatory sandboxes; ✔️ extending SME reliefs to small mid-caps; and ✔️ granting the Commission’s AI Office exclusive supervisory authority over AI systems based on general-purpose AI models. The proposal now proceeds to the Council and Parliament, with trilogue negotiations expected and considerable time pressure to finalise changes before August 2026. #AI#EUAIAct#AIRegulation#AIGovernance

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #445 · 18.11.2024 г., 07:04

The EU Drafts the Future: First General-Purpose AI Code of Practice Released The EU has unveiled the first draft of its "General-Purpose AI Code of Practice". This foundational document, developed by the European AI Office and independent expert groups, aims to provide actionable guidance for providers of general-purpose AI models. Key takeaways include a focus on systemic risk assessment, transparency in training datasets, and detailed compliance procedures aligned with the forthcoming AI Act. This draft is open for feedback and marks a critical step in establishing operational measures and KPIs for responsible AI deployment. As outlined in Article 56(2) of the AI Act, the code addresses systemic risk mitigation, proportionality in risk management, and adapting to market and technological changes. While not final, this initiative sets a precedent for harmonizing AI governance in Europe and beyond. #AICompliance#EUAIAct#AIRegulation

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #622 · 28.07.2025 г., 07:04

🇪🇺EU Mandates Transparency on AI Training Data for GPAI The EU has released its official template for the mandatory training data summary required under Article 53(1)(d) of the EU AI Act. Starting August 2, providers of general-purpose AI models must publicly disclose a sufficiently detailed overview of the content used for model training. This includes naming major datasets, public or private, and offering narrative context for other sources, as clarified in Recital 107. This is a structural shift in regulatory expectations. AI developers can no longer obscure data provenance or sidestep questions of copyright and data protection. The summary isn’t just a compliance formality, it’s a mechanism for enforcement. Rights holders and regulators finally gain a clear window into the inputs behind powerful AI systems. #GPAI#EUAIAct

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #236 · 09.02.2024 г., 08:04

Music Industry's Take on the EU AI Act Hello, everyine! Daniel Tencer, Deputy Editor at Music Business Worldwide, has dissected the EU AI Act, shedding light on its impact on the music industry. Tencer considers the AI Act a pivotal legislation chord for the music industry, specifically addressing copyright concerns and transparency in AI training. Rightsholders, notably represented by the global music industry through IFPI, express cautious optimism, finding support in the Act's stance that AI training with copyrighted materials necessitates permission. However, exceptions for scientific research inject complexity, raising concerns about potential loopholes. A significant concern in the music industry is the Act's "opt-out" provision, placing the responsibility on rightsholders to prohibit the use of their content in AI training. This differs from the industry's preferred "opt-in" model, where AI developers would inherently need licenses before usage. The Act suggests that a summary of data sources might suffice for compliance, a potential hiccup given the vast data, like Common Crawl, in AI training. #EUAIAct#Copyright#AIInnovation

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #125 · 28.09.2023 г., 07:04

AI Transparency in Focus: The iBorderCtrl Decision Hello, everybody! On September 7th, 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) made a significant decision regarding the iBorderCtrl project. This initiative, funded by the European Commission since 2016, aims to use AI-powered "lie detectors" to automate security processes at EU external borders. By asking travelers a series of questions and analyzing their facial expressions, the system determines potential threats. Member of the European Parliament Patrick Breyer sought access to documents related to the iBorderCtrl project, raising concerns about its ethics and legality. However, full access was denied, citing potential harm to the consortium's commercial interests, including intellectual property rights. The CJEU upheld the decision that limited public access to project documents. It recognized the public interest but deemed that disseminating the results was sufficient. This case raises questions about transparency in AI system development, especially during the research phase. The EU's proposed AI Act acknowledges the need for transparency but excludes AI systems used for biometric categorization related to criminal offenses from this obligation. The verdict highlights the ongoing tension between transparency, public interest, and commercial interests in AI projects. #AILaw#Transparency#EUAIAct

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #605 · 02.07.2025 г., 07:04

🇪🇺AI Rules Must Serve People, Not Just Platforms: Open Letter to the European Commission A powerful coalition including Nobel laureates Daron Acemoglu and Geoffrey Hinton has called on the European Commission to stay the course on general-purpose AI (GPAI) regulation. In a joint letter to President von der Leyen, researchers, civil society leaders, and industry experts urge EU leaders not to weaken GPAI rules under pressure from tech lobbies. Their message: innovation and rights protection are not mutually exclusive. The signatories back the Code of Practice developed over the past nine months as a pragmatic governance tool — one that applies only to 5–15 major players and mirrors existing risk management norms. They recommend mandatory third-party testing for systemic-risk models, agile review mechanisms, and significant resourcing of the AI Office, including 300 dedicated personnel and top-tier safety expertise. #AIRegulation#GPAI#AIEthics#EUAIAct

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #660 · 18.09.2025 г., 07:04

🇳🇱Netherlands Issues Practical Guidance on EU AI Act Compliance The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs has released a detailed report outlining how organizations can comply with the EU AI Act. The document clarifies requirements for general-purpose AI models, high-risk AI systems, and the safeguards needed to ensure data protection and transparency. By breaking down obligations across risk categories, the guidance aims to help companies navigate the EU AI Act’s technical and legal standards more effectively, ensuring that deployment of AI systems aligns with both regulatory and ethical expectations. #EUAIAct#AIlaw#EUregulation

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #577 · 26.05.2025 г., 07:04

🇪🇺EU AI Act: Stakeholder Feedback Underscores Demand for Clarity and Urgency The EU AI Office has published its stakeholder consultation results—highlighting widespread concern among developers, companies, and policy observers over unclear definitions and vague prohibitions in the AI Act. While industry voices dominated the feedback, everyday users—those most affected—were largely absent. This imbalance should be taken into account when interpreting the data. Key demands include sharper definitions of what counts as “AI,” “autonomy,” and “adaptiveness,” and more precise guidance on prohibited practices like manipulation, emotion recognition, and social scoring. Without actionable examples, the current framework risks legal uncertainty. For SMEs, concerns over compliance burdens remain acute. The message is clear: guidance must come fast—or implementation deadlines will arrive before clarity does. #EUAIAct#AIRegulation#AIEthics#ArtificialIntelligence#TechPolicy

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