Почему я люблю языки с сильной системой типов, проверяемой статическим анализом кода — хорошо написанная программа является своей собственной спецификацией и позволяет выражать через язык программирования законы существования предметной области.
Когда-то давно я писал на ActionScript. Там была система типов, но вот десериализация JSON'ов по-умолчанию была в какой-то общий Object, к полям которого нужно было обращаться ["по_строковому_имени"]. В один момент мне потребовалось написать что-то на C#, который я совсем не знал, я стал гуглить, как десериализовать JSON, и с удивлением обнаружил кучу советов заранее объявить класс со всеми нужными полями и десериализовать в него.
"Какой ужас!", — подумал я тогда, — "Это же дико неудобно! А если я не знаю полей JSON? А если их много? Отвратительный язык!"
Теперь то я прекрасно понимаю, что JSON это контракт, и что правильная десериализация только такая и должна быть, и что в хорошем API в одном поле никогда не бывает данных принципиально разных типов, и так далее.
Нет, если вы набиваете вечерами пет-проект или сидите бессонную ночь на хакатоне, нет ничего плохого в том, чтобы взять простой язык с динамическими типами вроде JavaScript или Python, не требующий описывать данные. Но вот в энтерпрайзе, особенно когда над одним проектом работает много людей (а бывает это очень часто) — хорошее использование системы типов убережёт разработчиков от огромного количества ошибок, будет бить их по рукам, когда они пытаются сделать что-то не то, и будет подсказывать, когда они не уверены в чём-то.
С помощью статической типизации можно на уровне кода обозначить правила, по которым ведёт себя предметная область вашей программы в реальном мире. Разработчику не только будет сложно их нарушить, но он ещё и станет узнавать какие-то вещи, которые мог не знать раньше.
Например, если мы делаем медицинскую CRM, и больница заводит новых пациентов только тогда, когда знает их группу крови, мы можем объявить тип "Пациент" (или, если точнее, "Карта пациента") и запретить создавать экземпляры этого типа, не передав в конструктор группу крови (которая, в свою очередь, тоже является типом, вероятнее всего ValueObject'ом). Если новый программист пришёл в проект, он, во-первых, не сможет записать в БД некорректную карту пациента. Понятно, мы не учитываем случаи, когда новый программист переделывает модели предметной области — это будет хорошо видно на кодревью. А, во-вторых, даже если ему никто не сказал, что пациенты должны быть с группой крови, он узнает это из кода. И уже будет понимать, что в тех процессах реальной жизни, которые он описывает кодом, карта пациента создаётся только при наличии группы крови. А, значит, нужно искать какой-то способ сначала эту группу крови получить, и только потом создавать карту. Программирование моделирует реальный процесс.
В настоящей работе даже на языках с типами, конечно, без должного контроля можно написать что угодно. Нужна управленческая воля, компетентность руководства, понимание опасности техдолга, в идеале отдельные должности для архитекторов, опытные лиды и старшие разработчики. Но когда всё это есть, можно отсекать много проблем ещё на старте и проще погружать новичков.
#dev
⚡️🇷🇺🇺🇦⚡️ Two Majors #Summary for the Morning of 15 March 2025; 06:29 (GMT+3)⚡️
🛡More than 20 UAVs were downed by air defence and EW means over the #Voronezh region at night. The governor of the #Bryansk region also reported that an UAV attack had been repelled. Local media reported explosions (15-20) over #Volgograd, with one drone downed near 'Sarepta Station.' The likely target was the local oil refinery, with footage of a fire emerging. During the day, a drone crashed in the centre of #Dzhankoy (#Crimea), injuring 2 women. The UAV damaged a café, and shrapnel struck 2 private houses and a church. There were 3 wounded.
🎯 Russian Forces, in turn, targeted industrial zones and the port in #Odessa and its surroundings with Geranium drones. A fire broke out at an electrical substation following one of the strikes, and the regional administration reported that #Chernomorsk (#Ilyichevsk) was completely blacked out due to damage to the energy infrastructure. The enemy also reported strikes on #Chernigov, #Pavlograd, #Cherkassy, #Starokonstantinov, the Bogodukhovsky district of the #Kharkov region, as well as the #Vinnitsa and #Kiev regions.
🔹 In #Kursk Region, the destruction of remaining enemy forces attempting to retreat into the #Sumy region continues. Trump has stated that thousands of AFU militants are encircled. The final settlements left to be liberated are #Gogolevka, #Gornal, #Oleshnya, and #Guyevo. The enemy is striking liberated territories. AFU Nazis targeted the local history museum in #Sudzha, an architectural monument from the late 19th century. A museum employee, who had remained in the city during the occupation and had come to inspect the building, was killed. 2 other employees were wounded. Since 12 March, 209 residents have been evacuated from the liberated settlements. Amid the Russian Army’s advance and the Supreme Command’s objective of creating a buffer zone, mandatory evacuation has begun in 8 villages near the border in the #Yunakovka and #Miropolye communities of the #Sumy region. Russian forces have already pushed into enemy territory towards #Basovka and #Zhuravka.
Until demining operations are completed, the authorities in the region have imposed temporary entry restrictions in 122 settlements across 6 districts bordering #Ukraine.
🔹 In the North of #Kupyansk Direction, reports indicate clashes with AFU forces near #Figolevka on the right bank of the Oskol.
🔹 In #Pokrovsk Direction, fighting continues near #Udachnoye, #Kotlino, #Peschanoye, #Shevchenko, and #Tarasovka. The enemy claims that Russian units, freed up after the liberation of #Konstantinovka, have been redeployed to #Pokrovsk to increase pressure.
🔹 On the #Vremyevka Ledge, the 'Group of Troops East' continues advancing towards #Bogatyr west of the village. Fighting is ongoing in the areas of #Dneproenergiya and #Burlatskoye.
🔹 On the #Zaporozhye Front, reports indicate Russian success near #Shcherbaki and #MalyeShcherbaki.🗺👆Russian units continue to assault enemy positions in the forest plantations. From the southern side, airborne troops have entered #Shcherbaki, assaulting enemy fortifications and strongpoints. The enemy has pulled back its main forces, leaving observation posts in the village manned with machine gun and rifle crews, supported by artillery and kamikaze drones. #Shcherbaki is nearly cleared. Assault groups of the Russian Airborne Forces are advancing from the south towards #MalyeShcherbaki and from the east towards #Shcherbaki.
💥 In #Belgorod Region, the enemy continues heavy strikes.
#Valuyki, #Kukuyevka, #Murom, #Shebekino, #Tishanka in the Volokonovsky district, and #YasnyeZori in the Belgorod district are under attack.
💥 In #Gorlovka (#DPR), a Nazi drone strike injured a 1951-born woman and a 1981-born man. A 1970-born man was injured by enemy barrel artillery.
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🇺🇦⚔️ Ukraine Fronts on the Morning of 19 March⚡️
🔴#Sumy Direction:
🔴In #Sudzha Sector, to the west in #Ukraine, fights in and around #Zhuravka. To the southeast...
🟡 In #Basovka, the RFAF have advanced and the battle has shifted to the southern settlement part.
🟡 In #Kursk region, the battles for the villages of #Gogolevka and #Guyevo continue.
🟡#Oleshnya and #Gornal remain under AFU control.
🗺 Map 1; added arrows show the mentioned locations, black contested
🔴 In #KrasnayaYaruga Sector, the AFU crossed the border in the area of the #Demidovka, #Grafovka and #Prilesye villages south of #Sudhza in #Belgorod region. Several attack waves have been stopped by destroying armoured vehicles. The AFU remnants tried to get a foothold. Fights on Russian territory, especially towards #Demidovka with tank support continued. According to the latest unconfirmed report, the invaders have withdrawn to their initial positions in #Sumy region.
🎬 Video 1
🗺 Map 2
🔴#Kharkov Direction:
🔴In #Liptsy Section, the AFU counterattacked unsuccessfully in the settlement area of #Glubokoye.
🔴 In #Volchansk Section, the battle for the city continues.
🔴#Svatovo Front:
🔴 In #Kupyansk Sector, to the north, the RFAF are advancing from #Topoli southwestwards towards #Kamenka, the eastern approaches of which are also attacked. Furthermore Russian troops advance from the south on the village.
🟡 Near #Krasnoye1st(Pervoye), to the southwest, Russin units are advancing on the settlement.
🟡#Figolevka, located further southwest, has been recaptured by the AFU.
🟡 North of #Kupyansk, Russian units are expanding the bridgehead northeast of #Kondrashovka.
🟡 Northeast of #Kupyansk, the AFU counterattacks in the area of #Petropavlovka.
🔴 In #Borovaya Sector, fierce fighting in the northern outskirts of #Boguslavka continues.
🔴In #Liman Sector, Russian troops have advanced to #BalkaZhuravka's northern settlement outskirts and continue to attack in the westerly direction.
🟡 North of #Torskoye, positional battles are taking place.
🔴In #Seversk Sector, fights in the area of #Bologorofka (#LPR) continue. The AFU still hold positions on the Chalk Quarry (White Mountain) south of the village.
🟡 In #Verkhnekamenskoye, fights for the centre.
🔴#ChasovYar Direction:
🔴In #ChasovYar Sector, fierce battles continue. The AFU counterattacks.
🔴In #Toretsk Sector, the situation is unchanged.
🔴#Pokrovsk Direction:
🔴 South of the City, heavy battles and counterattacks continue. The situation is dynamic.
🟡#Shevchenko has been recaptured by Russian forces. The AFU counterattacks.
🟡 In #Peschanoye, the same situation as for #Shevchenko.
🟡 In #Kotlino, the northwestern outskirts and the cemetery area are embattled.
🔴 On the left Flank, the battle for #Udachnoye continues.
🔴#Komar Direction:
🔴In #Konstantinopol Sector, west of #Andreyevka, the AFU have pushed back Russian assault groups, which attacked towards #Alekseyevka.
🟡 In #Konstantinopol, the RFAF lost control over the village. The AFU have advanced into its centre.
🎬 Video 2
🟡 South of #Konstantinopol, the RFAF expanded their control zone by more than 1 km. The battle for the village continues.
🟡 From #Razdolnoye, Russian units advanced northwards towards #Razliv and #Bogatyr.
🔴 In #Komar Sector, northwest of #VelikayaNovosyolka, the RFAF are building on their success at #Burlatskoye.
🔴#Zaporozhye Direction:
🔴In the #Orekhov Section, we have to clarify that according to objective evidence data, #Shcherbaki, #MalyeShcherbaki and #Stepovoye are still contested.
🔴 In #Kherson Direction, no changes.
💥#OldRussia:
🔵 In #Krasnodar Territory, the AFU struck the 'Kavkazskaya Oil Transshipment Point.' This, after the Trump - Putin call.
🎞 Video 1 Source; 🎞 Video 2 Source
🗺 Maps @olegtsarov
📋 Sources: CC; Tsarov; ⚡️2M;
🇺🇦Fiend; 😼Kotenok
🕰19 Mar 2025; 06:43 GMT+3; #smo
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🇺🇦⚔️ Ukraine Fronts on the Morning of 5 April⚡️
🔴#Sumy Direction:
🔴In #Sudzha Sector, to the west on Ukrainian soil, the battles for #Veselovka and #Zuravka continue.
🟡#Basovka has reportedly been captured by Russian forces {3rd black⬆️}.
🟡 In #Kursk region, the AFU still controls #Oleshnya. South of #Guyevo, there is reportedly fighting along the road to 'St. Nicholas Monastery' which is part of AFU controlled #Gornal.
🔴In #KrasnayaYaruga Sector, the villages of #Popovka and #Demidovka remain contested. Fighting continues.
🗺 All on Map 1
🔴#Kharkov Direction:
🔴In #Liptsy and #Volchansk Sections, positional battles, no change.
🔴#Svatovo Front:
🔴 In #Kupyansk Sector, intense fighting in the area of Oskol bridgeheads north of the city:
#Kamenka has been entered by Russians troops.
🗺 Map 2
🟡 For #Figolevka, to the south, reportedly the battle has begun again. About 2 weeks ago the AFU recaptured the settlement.
🟡 In #Kondrashovka's northeastern part, fighting continues, as well to its northwest in nearby #MalayaShapkovka's southeastern part (unconfirmed).
🔴 In #Borovaya Sector, without changes.
🔴In #Liman Sector, battles are taking place west of #BalkaZhuravka. The RFAF took #Novolyubovka. To the west, fighting towards #Novoye and #Katerinovka continues.
🔴For #Seversk Sector, no news.
🔴#ChasovYar Direction:
🔴In #ChasovYar and #Toretsk Sectors, without major changes.
🔴#Pokrovsk Direction:
🔴 On the right Flank, the battle for #Tarasovka is ongoing. Otherwise no major changes.
🔴 South of the City, the situation is reportedly as follows:
🟡 Near #SukhoyYar (AFU controlled), there are positional battles.
🟡#Lysovka is mostly under Russian control, with exception of its northwestern part.
🟡 At #Zelenoye' northeastern outskirts, there are counter-fights.
🟡 At #Novoukrainka, Russian forces press towards the settlement.
🟡#Shevchenko is RFAF controlled.
🟡 Northeast of #Peschanoye and in #Zverevo, Russian assault units are attacking.
🟡 In #Kotlino's northwestern part, counterattacks take place. The AFU try unsuccessfully to enter the settlement's industrial zone (which should be east of the mostly AFU controlled village).
🔴 On the left Flank, reportedly fierce counterbattles in the area of #Udachnoye. RFAF assault units are restoring the situation in the village's northern part and have made significant progress in the residential area towards the central part.
🟡#Uspenovka, according to RF MoD claims, shall been taken.
🔴#Komar Direction:
🔴In #Bogatyr Sector, fighting at #Andreyevka and for #Konstantinopol continued. Near #Bogatyr, the RFAF reportedly extended their control zone.
🔴 In #Komar Sector, no major changes.
🔴#Zaporozhye Direction:
🔴In the #Orekhov Section, the RFAF advanced along the forest belts south of #Kamenskoye to a depth of up to 500 m. Otherwise no major changes.
💥 In the #DPR, the AFU struck #Gorlovka, killing a woman and wounding 5 more civilians.
💥 In #Kherson Direction, the AFU struck several villages, wounding civilians.
💥#OldRussia:
🔵 In #Bryansk Region, the AFU damaged a PS in the village of #Lemeshovka, violating the agreement. Also several villages and an agricultural enterprise have been attacked.
🟡 In#Samara region, UAVs hit the 'JSC Promsintez Plant' in #Chapayevsk, which produces explosives.
🟡 In the Republic of #Mordovia, UAVs have hit the 'JSC Optic Fiber Systems Plant' in #Saransk, crucial for the RF defence industry.
📸 Picture
💥#RestUkraine:
🔵 The RFAF struck targets in #Kiev, #Zhitomir, #Sumy, #Vinnitsa and #Cherkassy regions at night.
🟡 In #KrivoyRog, there was a massive UAV attack. Claims on an alleged missile strike are contradictory, the published footage does not allow the incident to be assessed.
🎬 Video
⚠️ The Term 'Reportedly' indicates that it is unconfirmed!
🗺 Maps @olegtsarov; @petrenko_iHS
📋 Sources: CC; Tsarov; 🇺🇦Fiend;⚡️2M;🐈Cat😼VK
🕰As of 5 Apr 2025; 06:36 GMT+3;📃4 Apr
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