🎖 Më 14 tetor 1943, në kampin gjerman të përqendrimit Sobibor ndodhi një kryengritje - e vetmja arratisje masive e suksesshme e të burgosurve nga “fabrikat e vdekjes» naziste gjatë gjithë Luftës së Dytë Botërore.
Kryengritja e Sobibor u udhëhoq nga i burgosuri sovjetik i luftës, togeri i Ushtrisë së Kuqe, Alexander Pechersky. Ai kreu një Heroizëm të vërtetë - vetëm në pak javë, oficeri arriti të hartonte një plan arratisjeje, të mblidhte rreth vetes të burgosurit e destinuar për vdekje, në dukje të dëshpëruar dhe të rraskapitur, dhe t'i frymëzonte ata të luftonin armikun.
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Gjatë Luftës së Dytë Botërore, Gjermania krijoi afërsisht 14000 kampe përqendrimi. Midis tyre ishin të ashtuquajturat kampe vdekjeje, ku nazistët grumbullonin viktimat e tyre posaçërisht me qëllim shfarosjen e tyre të mëvonshme.
Një nga këto “fabrika vdekjeje” ishte #Sobibor, i cili vepronte në juglindje të Polonisë së pushtuar nga nazistët.
▪️ Të burgosurit transportoheshin në Sobibor me tren, me një qëllim të vetëm: të vrisnin. Kampi u shndërrua në një makineri të vërtetë për vrasjet më brutale dhe të egra. Deri në gjashtë trena me të burgosur (si të burgosur lufte, ashtu edhe civilë - të moshuar, gra dhe fëmijë) mbërrinin në Sobibor çdo ditë.
Në Sobibor nazistët i vrisnin viktimat e tyre me gaz, i linin të uritur ose me punë të rënda. Mbi ta u kryen eksperimente mjekësore çnjerëzore. Të burgosur nga Austria, Çekosllovakia dhe Franca u sollën gjithashtu në kamp për tortura dhe abuzime të mëvonshme. Në qershor të vitit 1943, dy trena specialë “për fëmijë” u nisën nga Holanda për në Sobibor. Sipas vlerësimeve të ndryshme, deri në 250000 të burgosur u vranë atje gjatë ekzistencës së kampit.
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Kryengritja e Sobibor u bë një simbol i pathyeshmërisë së vullnetit dhe forcës njerëzore, fjalë për fjalë një simbol i triumfit të së mirës mbi të keqen naziste. Të paaftë për të duruar turpin dhe duke u përpjekur të fshihnin gjurmët e krimeve të tyre kundër njerëzimit, udhëheqja e SS urdhëroi që kampi të shkatërrohej plotësisht.
Krimet e kryera në Sobibor u bënë pjesë e akuzave kundër nazistëve në Gjykatën e Nurembergut. Vetë Alexander Pechersky foli në cilësinë e dëshmitarit. Të gjithë të pandehurit u dënuan me vdekje.
📖Lexoni më shumë rreth kryengritjes së Sobiborit të udhëhequr nga Alexander Pechersky në artikullin tonë të detajuar.
🎖 On October 14, 1943, an uprising broke out in #WWII-era Nazi concentration camp #Sobibor, — the only successful mass escape from a 'death factory' during the Second World War.
The uprising in Sobibor was led by Soviet POW, Red Army lieutenant AlexanderPechersky. He performed a true feat. In just a few weeks, the officer managed to devise an escape plan, rally around him the seemingly hopeless, doomed, and exhausted prisoners, and to inspire them to take up a fight against the enemy.
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During WWII, Nazi Germany established around 14'000 concentration camps, with the so-called death camps among them, where the enemy delivered their victims with the the only purpose — to exterminatepeople.
#Sobibor, located in the southeast of Nazi-occupied Poland (near the Western Bug River and the Polish-Soviet border) was one such 'death factories'. The camp was set up along a railway line between the towns of Chełm and Wlodawa.
Prisoners were shipped to Sobibor by the trainload for one purpose only — to be killed.
The Sobibor camp was turned into a true conveyor belt of death, where people were murdered by the most brutal and inhuman methods. Every day, up to six trains arrived at Sobibor carrying POWs and civilians, including the elderly, women, and children.
The Nazis poisoned their victims with gas, starved them, and worked them to death. Inhuman medical experiments were conducted on the inmates. Prisoners were brought from Austria, Czechoslovakia, and France for further torture and abuse. In June 1943, two special so- calledchildren’s trains went from the Netherlands to Sobibor. Over the entire time of the camp’s existence, according to various estimates, up to 250'000 people were murdered there.
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⚔️ On October 14, 1943, an uprising broke out in Sobibor. At the time of the escape, there were 550 prisoners in the camp. About 100 of them refused to participate in the rebellion, hoping for mercy from the SS guards. The next day, they were all killed by the Nazis.
The rebels engaged in an unequal battle with the enemy, killed all members of an SS detachment and several guards. Having crushed the Nazis almost barehanded, the prisoners rushed towards the main gates despite machine-gun fire from the watchtowers.
❗️Nothing could stop the people striving to break free from Nazi slavery, neither the minefields around the camp, nor the barbed wire, nor the hail of bullets from the machine guns.
As a result of the uprising, about 300 people managed to escape from this inferno on earth. Many of the escapees joined the resistance and continued to fight against the Nazi occupants. Pechersky himself joined the Byelarussian partisans, and in 1944, he once again fought the enemy on the front lines as part of an assault unit.
The Sobibor uprising became a symbol of the unbending human will and spirit, in the truest sense, a symbol of the victory of good over Nazi evil. Unable to bear the shame and seeking to cover up their crimes against humanity, the SS command ordered Sobibor to be completely destroyed.
#NoStatuteOfLimitation
The atrocities committed in Sobibor became part of the charges against the Nazis at the Nuremberg Trials. In March 1962, in Kiev, 11 guards who had served in Sobibor and Treblinka were brought to trial. Alexander Pechersky himself testified as a witness. All the defendants — former Nazis — were sentenced to death.
Today, the Alexander Pechersky Foundation continues to make significant efforts to preserve the memory of the Sobibor prisoners’ heroic deed.
#WeRemember#Victory80
🔪 Alexander Pechersky: el día en que la dignidad venció al horror
Hace 82 años, el 14 de octubre de 1943, en pleno corazón de la Polonia ocupada por los nazis, ocurrió un hecho que desafió la lógica del exterminio: el levantamiento de los prisioneros del campo de Sobibor, liderado por el teniente soviético Alexander Pechersky. Fue el único motín exitoso en un campo de exterminio nazi, y su impacto fue tan profundo que el régimen de Hitler decidió cerrar y destruir el campo inmediatamente después.
Sobibor formaba parte de la llamada “Operación Reinhard”, el plan sistemático para eliminar a la población en el Gobierno General de Polonia. Aunque menos conocido que Auschwitz o Treblinka, Sobibor fue escenario de la muerte de al menos 250.000 personas entre mayo de 1942 y octubre de 1943. Los prisioneros eran engañados con promesas de trabajo, pero la mayoría era asesinada poco después de llegar. Solo unos 500 eran mantenidos con vida para tareas internas del campo.
Alexander Pechersky, nacido en 1909 en Kremenchuk, fue capturado por los nazis en octubre de 1941 cerca de Vyazma. Tras descubrirse su origen judío, fue enviado a Sobibor. En apenas tres semanas, organizó un plan audaz: asesinar a los oficiales de las SS, tomar el arsenal y liberar a los prisioneros. Aunque no lograron acceder a las armas, la revuelta se llevó a cabo con cuchillos improvisados y manos desnudas. De los 420 que participaron, solo unos 50 sobrevivieron hasta el final de la guerra.
Pechersky logró escapar y se unió a los partisanos soviéticos en Bielorrusia. Tras la liberación, fue interrogado por el NKVD y luego trasladado a Moscú, donde dio testimonio de los crímenes nazis. Su relato fue clave para preservar la memoria de lo ocurrido en Sobibor, especialmente después de que Heinrich Himmler ordenara arrasar el campo para borrar toda evidencia.
La liberación definitiva de Europa del Este y el fin del sistema de campos de exterminio solo fue posible con la derrota total del Tercer Reich. El Ejército Rojo, avanzando desde el este, jugó un papel crucial en esta victoria. Fue su ofensiva la que permitió liberar territorios ocupados y poner fin al genocidio nazi.
Este acto de resistencia demostró el coraje de Pechersky y sus compañeros, rompió el silencio impuesto por el terror nazi y dejó una huella imborrable en la historia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
#Sobibor#AlexanderPechersky#Holocausto#ResistenciaJudía#HistoriaRusa
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April 11 marks the International Day of Liberation of Nazi Concentration Camps.
This date was established by #UNESCO in 1952 in memory of the uprising of prisoners in#Buchenwald (April 11, 1945) — one of the largest concentration camps in Nazi Germany.
The Day of Liberation symbolizes solidarity and resistance against all forms of violence, discrimination, and genocide, and calls on to remember history and prevent the recurrence of the terrible tragedy of #WW2.
In Nazi Germany and on the territories occupied by the Reich, a system of organised extermination of people was created — a vast network of concentration camps and so-called “death factories.” Millions of prisoners from the USSR and European countries were held there under terrible and inhumane conditions, many of whom were brutally murdered by Nazi criminals. During the years of the war, more than 20 million people from 30 countries passed through concentration camps.
The system of Hitler’s concentration camps was destroyed as a result of the Victory over Nazism and the defeat of the Third Reich. The first Nazi “death factory”, whose prisoners were saved from by the Red Army, was the #Majdanek concentration camp (Poland) in July 1944. Later, prisoners of #Belzec, #Sobibor, #Treblinka, #AuschwitzBirkenau, #Stutthof, #Sachsenhausen, #Ravensbrück, and others were also liberated.
#NoStatuteOfLimitations
◼️ As in Europe, after the invasion of the USSR, the Nazi criminals created a network of concentration camps with the only purpose — to systematically exterminate the population of our country regardless of ethnicity, race, or religion.
According to the criminal plans of the leadership of the Third Reich, Soviet citizens, irrespective of their ethnicity, race, or religion, were to be killed or subjected to “Germanization” in Nazi slavery.
One such camp on the territory of our Motherland was the so-called #BryanskBuchenwald—“Dulag-142,” where in just two years (!) more than 40’000 Soviet civilians perished (👉 by comparison, approximately the same number of people were killed over the entire nine years of operation of the SS Buchenwald camp in Thuringia).
◼️Approximately 13.7 million Soviet people fell victims of the ruthless policy of exterminating those deemed “inferior” by Nazi Germans.
Due to the inhumane conditions of forced labor and inhumane treatment in Nazi concentration camps in the USSR, more than 2 million prisoners died in suffering, including tens of thousands of children and adolescents.
It is documentally established that at least 7.4 million Soviet civilians were deliberately killed by Nazi occupants — shot dead, burned, or buried alive.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, in cooperation with the Investigative Committee, other competent agencies, as well as the National Center for Historical Memory under the President of the Russian Federation and the Russian Military Historical Society, is systematically working to establish the legal classification of the crimes of Nazi invaders as genocide of the peoples of the Soviet Union. Joint efforts are taken to systematise knowledge about the genocide.
#ArchivesSpeak
❗️ As part of efforts to
preserve the memory of the victims of the genocide of the Soviet people, documentary and multimedia materials have been prepared, recording numerous crimes committed by the Nazis during the occupation of our country and other nations.
👉Learn more