Post #2333

🖊🗞COLUMN | From the Insolent Foreign Boot to the Carmona Decree, 1902-2002 Venezuela’s oil policy has been closely linked to disputes over national sovereignty and foreign influence throughout the 20th century. The 1902 naval blockade marked the beginning of sustained external pressure, followed by the 1908 coup and the expansion of foreign oil concessions in the 1920s. Reforms such as the 1943 Hydrocarbons Law increased the state’s share of oil revenues, and the 1976 creation of PDVSA formalized state control over the sector. In the 1990s, neoliberal policies reduced royalties and expanded foreign participation. The 2002 coup attempt came after efforts to reassert state control over oil resources. In the latest Insurgent History column, Rosanna Álvarez, Venezuelan historian and iconographic researcher, documents the role of Venezuela’s elite in these developments, particularly through the oil industry. Read the full piece from Álvarez here 👉https://venezuelanalysis.com/columns/from-the-insolent-foreign-boot-to-the-carmona-decree-1902-2002/ #InsurgentHistory#PDVSA#Sovereignty