English Grammar Secrets

🔰 The Past Perfect Simple tense 🔰الزمن الماضي التام البسيط 1⃣ Basic information: The basic meaning of the past perfect is ‘earlier past'. A common use is to ‘go back’ for a moment when we are already talking about the past, to make it clear that something had already happened at the time we are talking about. المعنى الأساسي للزمن الماضي التام هو "الماضي السابق". الاستخدام الشائع هو "العودة" للحظة عندما كنّا نتحدث بالفعل عن الماضي ، و لتوضيح أن شيئًا ما قد حدث بالفعل في الوقت الذي نتحدث فيه. 🔹During our conversation, I realised that we had met before. (Not I realised that we met before OR ... have met before.)✘ 🔹When I arrived at the party, Lucy had already gone home. (Not ... Lucy already went home. OR ... has gonehome)✘ 2⃣ The past perfect is common after past verbs of saying and thinking, to talk about things that had happened before the saying or thinking took place. الماضي التام شائع الاستخدام بعد أفعال القول و التفكير في الزمن الماضي، و للتعبير عن الأشياء التي حدثت قبل حدوث القول أو التفكير. 🔹I told her that I had finished. (Not ... that I (have)finished. )✘ 🔹I wondered who had left the door open. 🔹I thought I had sent the money a week before. 3⃣ Past perfect not used The past perfect is normally only used as described above. The past perfect is not used simply to say that something happened some time ago, or to give a past reason for a present situation. عادة ما يتم استخدام الماضي التام فقط كما هو موضح أعلاه. و لا يتم استخدامه ببساطة لقول أن شيئًا ما حدث منذ بعض الوقت ، أو لإعطاء سبب في الزمن الماضي لموقف حدث في الزمن المضارع. 🔹Alex Cary, who worked for my father in the 1980s, is now living in Greece. (Not ... Alex Cary, who had worked for my father ...)✘ 🔹I left a jacket to be cleaned. Is it ready yet? (Not I had left a jacket ...)✘ 4⃣ Unreal events: if, etc أحداث غير حقيقة: مع If,wish,wouldrather ..الخ (حالات الافتراض، التمني و النصيحة) After if, wish and would rather, the past perfect can be used to talk about past events that did not happen. بعد الأفعال If, wish و would rather يمكننا استخدام الماضي التام للحديث عن أحداث ماضية لم تحدث. 🔹If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. 🔹I wish you had told me the truth. 🔹I’d rather she had asked me before borrowing the car. 5⃣ How long? past perfect, not simple past We use a past perfect, not a simple past, to say how long something had continued up to a past moment. A simple past perfect is used with non­ progressive verbs like be, have and know. نستخدم فعل في الزمن الماضي التام، و ليس الماضي البسيط، لنقول كم من الوقت استمر الفعل حتى اللحظة الماضية. يتم استخدام الماضي التام البسيط مع الأفعال be،have،know. 🔹She told me that her father had been ill since Christmas. (Not ... that her father was ill since Christmas.)✘ 🔹I was sorry to sell my car. I had had it since College. (Not I had it since College)✘ 🔹When they got married, they had known each other for 15 years. (Not ... they knew each other for 15 years.)✘ 🔻With most other verbs, we use the past perfect progressive for this meaning. 🔻مع معظم الأفعال الأخرى، نستخدم الزمن الماضي التام المستمر لهذا المعنى. @EnglishGrammarSecrets

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🔰Present perfect continuous or present simple and continuous ? الفرق بين المضارع التام المستمر و المضارع البسيط و المستمر 1⃣ How long? Present perfect continuous We use a present perfect continuous to say how long a situation or action has continued up to now. كما علمنا سابقاً أننا نستخدم المضارع التام المستمر للتعبير عن مدة حدوث الفعل من بدايته حتى الآن. قارن الأمثلة: 🤔Compare: 🔹It’s raining again. ◽It’s been raining since Christmas. (Not It's raining since Christmas.)✘ 🔹Are you learning English? ◽How long have you been learning English? (Not How long are you learning English?)✘ 🔹’I hear you’re working at Smiths.' ◽‘Yes, I've been working there for a month.’ (Not I’m working there for ...)✘ 🔹I know her well. ◽I’ve known her for years. (Not I know her for years.)✘ 🔹My brother is a doctor. ◽How long has he been a doctor? (Not How long is he a doctor?)✘ 🤔Compare also: 🔹How long are you here for? (= until when; when are you leaving?) ◽How long have you been here for? (= since when; when did you arrive?) 2⃣ This is the first time, etc إنها المرة الأولى، .. إلخ We use a simple present perfect after this is the first time that... , it’s the second ... that... , and similar structures. نستخدم الزمن المضارع التام البسيط بعد عبارة إنها المرة الأولى التي ...، هذه المرة الثانية ... و صيغ مشابهة لها: ✨This is the first time that I’ve heard her sing. (Not This is the first time that I hear her sing.)✘ ✨It’s the fifth time you've asked me the same question. ✨This is only the second opera I’ve ever seen. @EnglishGrammarSecrets

📚 Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous (multiple choice). Good luck!🍀 #quiz