Регулярно требуется преобразовать какой-либо текст в максимально совместимый текст для URL, имени файла, имени объекта в каком-то софте и тд. Требования совместимости простые: в тексте должны быть только допустимые символы. Обычно это a-z, 0-9 и "_" или "-". То есть, только прописные буквы латинского алфавита и цифры (как пример).
Допустим, нам нужно название статьи в блоге преобразовать в slug для добавления его в URL этой статьи. Как это лучше всего сделать?
В Django по умолчанию есть готовая функция slugify для таких случаев.
Но я её никогда не использую. Почему? Потому что её недостаточно!
Приведём пример
>>> from django.utils.text import slugify
>>> slugify('This is a Title')
'this-is-a-title'
Пока всё отлично
>>> slugify('This is a "Title!"')
'this-is-a-title'
Спец символы удалились, всё хорошо.
>>> slugify('Это заголовок статьи')
''
Вот и приехали 😢. Если текст не английский то буквы просто игнорируются. Можно это поправить
>>> slugify('Это заголовок статьи', allow_unicode=True)
'это-заголовок-статьи'
Но тогда мы не вписываемся в условие. У нас появилась кириллица в тексте.
Так как я часто пишу сайты для русскоязычных пользователей эта проблема весьма актуальна. Я не использую стандартную функцию и всегда пишу свою.
Оригинал я не беру в расчёт и пишу полностью свою функцию. И так, по порядку:
🔸1. Исходный текст:
>>> text = 'Мой заголовок №10 😁!'
Взял специально посложней со специальными символами.
🔸2. Транслит
Необходимо сделать транслит всех символов в латиницу. Здесь очень выручает библиотека unidecode. Помимо простого транслита кириллицы в латиницу она умеет преобразовывать спец символы и иероглифы в текстовые аналоги.
from unidecode import unidecode
>>> unidecode("Ñ Σ ® µ ¶ ¼ 月 山")
'N S (r) u P 1/4 Yue Shan'
Очень крутая библиотека, советую👍
В нашем случае получаем такое преобразование:
>>> text = unidecode(text)
>>> print(text)
'Moi zagolovok No. 10 !'
Отличный транслит. Смайл просто удалился, хотя я ждал что-то вроде :). Ну и ладно, всë равно невалидные символы.
А еще наш код уже поддерживает любой язык, будь то хинди или корейский.
🔸4. Фильтр символов
Unidecode не занимается фильтрацией по недопустимым символам. Это мы делаем в следующем шаге через regex. Просто заменим все символы на "_" если они вне указанного диапазона.
>>> text = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]+', '_', text)
>>> print(text)
'Moi_zagolovok_No_10_'
Символ "+" в паттерне выручает когда несколько недопустимых символов идут рядом. Все они заменяются на один символ "_".
🔸5. Slugify
Осталось удалить лишние символы по краям и сделать нижний регистр
>>> text = text.strip('_').lower()
>>> print(text)
'moi_zagolovok_no_10'
Получаем отличный slug! 😎
🌎 Полный код в виде функции.
______________
PS. Проверку что в строке остался хоть один допустимый символ я бы вынес в отдельную функцию.
#libs#tricks#django
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Chairman, NIDO Russia
+79262385618
https://t.me/nido_russia/1723
#pad#visa#nin#passport
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Chairman, NIDO Russia
+79262385618
https://t.me/nido_russia/1723
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Everyone can finally use "PAD" to gain up to 10% discount when applying for Nigerian passport, NIN or VISA.
✅ Avoid paying twice through unofficial sources or scammers who hide behind unregistered businesses.
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3. We'll guide you on other documents that you might need after getting your passport/Visa.
4. We'll guide you on travel and accommodation plans if you have to travel to Moscow from another city.
5. We'll offer assistance in the case of delays or deliver your passport to you.
Yours in service,
Dr. Godwin Ibe
Chairman, NIDO Russia
+79262385618
https://t.me/nido_russia/1723
#pad#visa#nin#passport
Visa/NIN/Passport Application Discount (PAD)
Everyone can finally use "PAD" to gain up to 10% discount when applying for Nigerian passport, NIN or VISA.
✅ Avoid paying twice through unofficial sources or scammers who hide behind unregistered businesses.
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1. We'll guide you on all that you need to do to successful apply for passport/visa issuance or re-issuance from start to finish.
2. We'll offer you a discount on payment for passport issuance or re-issuance or Nigerian VISA application in some cases.
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5. We'll offer assistance in the case of delays or deliver your passport to you.
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Dr. Godwin Ibe
Chairman, NIDO Russia
+79262385618
https://t.me/nido_russia/1723
#pad#visa#nin#passport
Visa/NIN/Passport Application Discount (PAD)
Everyone can finally use "PAD" to gain up to 10% discount when applying for Nigerian passport, NIN or VISA.
✅ Avoid paying twice through unofficial sources or scammers who hide behind unregistered businesses.
✅ Avoid mistakes in the application process that will cost you time, energy and money.
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1. We'll guide you on all that you need to do to successful apply for passport/visa issuance or re-issuance from start to finish.
2. We'll offer you a discount on payment for passport issuance or re-issuance or Nigerian VISA application in some cases.
3. We'll guide you on other documents that you might need after getting your passport/Visa.
4. We'll guide you on travel and accommodation plans if you have to travel to Moscow from another city.
5. We'll offer assistance in the case of delays or deliver your passport to you.
Yours in service,
Dr. Godwin Ibe
Chairman, NIDO Russia
+79262385618
https://t.me/nido_russia/1723
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