Регулярно требуется преобразовать какой-либо текст в максимально совместимый текст для URL, имени файла, имени объекта в каком-то софте и тд. Требования совместимости простые: в тексте должны быть только допустимые символы. Обычно это a-z, 0-9 и "_" или "-". То есть, только прописные буквы латинского алфавита и цифры (как пример).
Допустим, нам нужно название статьи в блоге преобразовать в slug для добавления его в URL этой статьи. Как это лучше всего сделать?
В Django по умолчанию есть готовая функция slugify для таких случаев.
Но я её никогда не использую. Почему? Потому что её недостаточно!
Приведём пример
>>> from django.utils.text import slugify
>>> slugify('This is a Title')
'this-is-a-title'
Пока всё отлично
>>> slugify('This is a "Title!"')
'this-is-a-title'
Спец символы удалились, всё хорошо.
>>> slugify('Это заголовок статьи')
''
Вот и приехали 😢. Если текст не английский то буквы просто игнорируются. Можно это поправить
>>> slugify('Это заголовок статьи', allow_unicode=True)
'это-заголовок-статьи'
Но тогда мы не вписываемся в условие. У нас появилась кириллица в тексте.
Так как я часто пишу сайты для русскоязычных пользователей эта проблема весьма актуальна. Я не использую стандартную функцию и всегда пишу свою.
Оригинал я не беру в расчёт и пишу полностью свою функцию. И так, по порядку:
🔸1. Исходный текст:
>>> text = 'Мой заголовок №10 😁!'
Взял специально посложней со специальными символами.
🔸2. Транслит
Необходимо сделать транслит всех символов в латиницу. Здесь очень выручает библиотека unidecode. Помимо простого транслита кириллицы в латиницу она умеет преобразовывать спец символы и иероглифы в текстовые аналоги.
from unidecode import unidecode
>>> unidecode("Ñ Σ ® µ ¶ ¼ 月 山")
'N S (r) u P 1/4 Yue Shan'
Очень крутая библиотека, советую👍
В нашем случае получаем такое преобразование:
>>> text = unidecode(text)
>>> print(text)
'Moi zagolovok No. 10 !'
Отличный транслит. Смайл просто удалился, хотя я ждал что-то вроде :). Ну и ладно, всë равно невалидные символы.
А еще наш код уже поддерживает любой язык, будь то хинди или корейский.
🔸4. Фильтр символов
Unidecode не занимается фильтрацией по недопустимым символам. Это мы делаем в следующем шаге через regex. Просто заменим все символы на "_" если они вне указанного диапазона.
>>> text = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]+', '_', text)
>>> print(text)
'Moi_zagolovok_No_10_'
Символ "+" в паттерне выручает когда несколько недопустимых символов идут рядом. Все они заменяются на один символ "_".
🔸5. Slugify
Осталось удалить лишние символы по краям и сделать нижний регистр
>>> text = text.strip('_').lower()
>>> print(text)
'moi_zagolovok_no_10'
Получаем отличный slug! 😎
🌎 Полный код в виде функции.
______________
PS. Проверку что в строке остался хоть один допустимый символ я бы вынес в отдельную функцию.
#libs#tricks#django
🔥 The "Seven Sisters" Cliffs — chalk cliffs in southern England
Snow-white cliffs stretching into the English Channel, a gentle breeze, endless horizons — perfect for walks, photos, and peace.
Pure British aesthetics: green hills, sea, and white cliffs 🌿🌊
📍 Free entry, scenic route, memories that last forever.
📏
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#UnitedKingdom | @voyage
🖊OPINION | One Hundred Years of British Interference in Venezuela
Declassified UK documents detail how British governments sought to protect oil investments in Venezuela for over a century, including opposing nationalisation and lobbying during Hugo Chávez’s presidency in 2001.
Read the full opinion piece here 👉🏽https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/one-hundred-years-of-british-interference-in-venezuela/
#HugoChavez#PDVSA#UnitedKingdom
Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night) is held on 5 November in the UK to remember the failure of the 1605 Gunpowder Plot, when a group including Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I.
The plot was discovered and prevented, and people celebrated with bonfires and fireworks. Today the evening is marked by community bonfires, firework displays, and sometimes effigies of “Guy” burned on the fire. Many children learn the traditional rhyme: “Remember, remember the 5th of November / Gunpowder, treason and plot.”
[Read more here]
@googlefactss
#UnitedKingdom#GuyFawkes#History
🇬🇧London, United Kingdom.
Question: “Have you noticed any demographic changes in the UK?”
A British man: “Not really…”
Passing English women, wrapped from head to toe, seem to agree with him.
#Migrants#UnitedKingdom#Cognitive_Dissonance
Original Post
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Research has shown that European gas contains high levels of carcinogenic benzene: an excess of carcinogenic benzene has been found in European gas. ⚠️
The average index of the benzene content in British gas exceeded the North American level 37 times, in the Netherlands 66.5 times.
At the same time, the maximum values were recorded in London (200 ppmv) and Amsterdam (73 ppmv), although the maximum norm is 1.6 ppmv. 📊
Benzene belongs to the substances of the first danger class, it is carcinogenic and can cause leukemia, bone marrow and DNA damage.
There is no safe level of exposure to benzene. The study also showed that about 40% of the kitchens inspected in the UK, the Netherlands and Italy have constant gas leaks, even when the stoves are turned off.
In 9% of the houses, the level of leakage was so high that it exceeded European standards for benzene content.
#european#gas#unitedKingdom#Netherlands#benzene
📱American Оbserver - Stay up to date on all important events
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October 11, 2021: Alaska quake, U.S. and Taliban, AstraZeneca, Prince Andrew, California oil spill
October 11, 2021: Alaska quake, U.S. and Taliban, AstraZeneca, Prince Andrew, California oil spill
1. An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 struck the Alaska Peninsula region, the European Mediterranean Seismological Centre said.
2. The United States said on Sunday the first face-to-face meeting between senior U.S. and Taliban officials since the hardline group retook power in Afghanistan was "candid and professional" and that the U.S. side reiterated that the Taliban would be judged on their actions, not just their words.
3. AstraZeneca's experimental COVID-19 drug has helped cut the risk of severe disease or death in a late-stage study, the British drug maker said, a boost to its efforts to develop coronavirus medicines beyond vaccines.
4. British police said they would be taking no further action after conducting a review of evidence relating to sex crime allegations against Queen Elizabeth's son, Prince Andrew, and the late U.S. financier Jeffrey Epstein.
5. Beaches in a southern California city that were shut because of an oil spill last week are set to reopen, authorities said in a statement.
#Alaska
#Earthquake
#UnitedStates
#Taliban
#Afghanistan
#AstraZeneca
#Covid19
#UnitedKingdom
#BritishPolice
#PrinceAndrew
#Epstein
#QueenElizabeth
#Headlines
#MorningNews
#Business
#News
#Reuters
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October 11, 2021: Alaska quake, U.S. and Taliban, AstraZeneca, Prince Andrew, California oil spill
October 11, 2021: Alaska quake, U.S. and Taliban, AstraZeneca, Prince Andrew, California oil spill
1. An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 struck the Alaska Peninsula region, the European Mediterranean Seismological Centre said.
2. The United States said on Sunday the first face-to-face meeting between senior U.S. and Taliban officials since the hardline group retook power in Afghanistan was "candid and professional" and that the U.S. side reiterated that the Taliban would be judged on their actions, not just their words.
3. AstraZeneca's experimental COVID-19 drug has helped cut the risk of severe disease or death in a late-stage study, the British drug maker said, a boost to its efforts to develop coronavirus medicines beyond vaccines.
4. British police said they would be taking no further action after conducting a review of evidence relating to sex crime allegations against Queen Elizabeth's son, Prince Andrew, and the late U.S. financier Jeffrey Epstein.
5. Beaches in a southern California city that were shut because of an oil spill last week are set to reopen, authorities said in a statement.
#Alaska
#Earthquake
#UnitedStates
#Taliban
#Afghanistan
#AstraZeneca
#Covid19
#UnitedKingdom
#BritishPolice
#PrinceAndrew
#Epstein
#QueenElizabeth
#Headlines
#MorningNews
#Business
#News
#Reuters
Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuterssubscribe
Reuters brings you the latest business, finance and breaking news video from around the globe. Our reputation for accuracy and impartiality is unparalleled.
Get the latest news on: http://reuters.com/
Follow Reuters on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Reuters
Follow Reuters on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Reuters
Follow Reuters on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/reuters/?hl=en
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