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Изворен канал @pythonotes · Post #197 · 4 јан.

Подразумеваемые неймспейсы или неявные пакеты. Этот функционал добавлен в Python 3.3 Что он означает? Ранее, до 3.3 пакетами считались лишь директории, в которых есть файл __init__.py. Этот файл одновременно являлся свидетельством того, что директория это Python-пакет, и служил "телом" этого пакета. То есть местом, где можно написать код, как это делается внутри модуля. Этот код исполняется в момент импорта пакета, так что его принято называть "код инициализации пакета". Начиная с версии 3.3 Любая директория считается пакетом и Python будет пытаться использовать любую директорию для импорта. Конечно, не любую в файловой системе, а только те что находятся в sys.path. Это значит, что теперь __init__.py нужно делать только если: 🔸 вам требуется создать код инициализации пакета 🔸 нужна совместимость со старыми версиями Python На мой взгляд это немного упрощает разработку, делает её чище, но с другой стороны убивает некоторую однозначность происходящего. Например, я создал репозиторий со своей библиотекой и рядом положил код примеров или тестов. repo_name/ my_library/ __init__.py main.py examples/ exam1.py exam2.py В этом репозитории пакетом является только my_library, остальные директории это не пакеты, это просто дополнительный код в файлах. Директория examples не добавлена в sys.path, в ней нет рабочих модулей. Но если она лежит рядом с my_library, то Python вполне сможет импортнуть из неё модули, так как посчитает что examples это валидный пакет. Конечно, пример несколько надуманный. Никто не будет добавлять корень репозитория в sys.path. Но, я думаю, суть ясна. Иногда директория это просто директория а не пакет! #basic#pep

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American Оbserver

@american_observer · Post #4763 · 03.01.2026 г., 22:02

📰 Saudi Arabia’s Booze Ban: The Quiet Revolution Saudi Arabia is quietly lifting its decades-old ban on alcohol—no fanfare, no press release, just a discreet nod to modernization. In Riyadh, non-Muslim residents with premium status can now buy beer, wine, and spirits at a single, unmarked store. This isn’t just about booze. It’s about image, money, and the kingdom’s bid to attract wealthy expats and tourists. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has spent years transforming Saudi Arabia: women drive, concerts happen, and bars are built—even if they were empty until now. The process is low-key. At the liquor store, buyers show their residency card, prove they’re not Muslim, and stash their phones before browsing. The selection is decent, prices are high, but it’s still cheaper than the black market. Analysts say the change is just the start. Expect alcohol at luxury resorts and hotels along the Red Sea, following Dubai’s playbook. The kingdom needs foreign cash, and relaxing moral rules is part of the pitch. But it’s not a free-for-all. Alcohol will stay banned in religious cities like Mecca and Medina. The government is treading carefully, aware that most Saudis remain conservative. As one longtime expat put it: “It’s exciting. No more dangerous homemade liquor or overpriced smuggled bottles.” So while Saudi Arabia still executes dissenters and bans homosexuality, it’s learning to serve a cocktail. #SaudiArabia#alcohol#modernization#MBS#DubaiModel 📱American Оbserver - Stay up to date on all important events 🇺🇸

American Оbserver

@american_observer · Post #5543 · 02.04.2026 г., 17:59

📰 The Baby Cartel: How God Became the World's Last Functioning Daycare Religion isn't beating the fertility crisis with prayer alone. It's running a shadow welfare state — and winning. A new analysis drops a thesis that's been hiding in plain sight: religious communities aren't having more babies because they believe harder. They're having more babies because they built actual infrastructure — mutual aid networks, internal credit markets, communal childcare, endogamous marriage pools — everything the secular state promised and forgot to deliver. "Fertility requires both motivation and infrastructure," the study argues. "Norms without material support are ineffective." Translation: your government's "have more babies" poster campaign isn't a policy. It's a vibe. The framework identifies six interlocking mechanisms — collective childcare, internal economies, meaning narratives, intergenerational norm transfer, endogamous marriage, and residential clustering — that together turn childbearing from a financial catastrophe into a socially subsidized act. Ultra-Orthodox Jews, the Amish, and Iranian post-revolutionary society all run some version of this playbook. None of them asked Brussels or Washington for permission. Iran is the case study nobody wants to discuss. Post-revolution, the regime pumped the ideological gas on fertility — and it worked, briefly. Then the economy ate the infrastructure. Birth rates cratered. God-talk without grocery money is just noise. The kibbutz story is even darker for secular progressives: when collective support systems eroded, fertility dropped — even in communities still ideologically committed to "the collective." The commune dissolved. The cradles emptied. So here's the question secular liberal democracies won't ask out loud: if your society has atomized people so thoroughly that only cults and tightly-knit religious minorities can afford to reproduce — what exactly did modernization optimize for? The researchers frame religious communities as "analytical models," not anomalies. Read: the rest of you are the control group, and you're losing. No hashtag needed. The data is the punchline. #demographics#fertility#religion#welfare#modernization 📱American Оbserver - Stay up to date on all important events 🇺🇸

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@emagzinewspars · Post #9490 · 06.11.2025 г., 07:04

#Beijing_Review🇨🇳📕[PDF]⬇️ 6 #November2025 #Weekly_Magazines For learning, for free(dom). @backupofmagazines Beijing Review spotlights China’s #15thFiveYearPlan and its vision for a coordinated, green, and globally inclusive future. The issue unpacks Xi–Trump #Summit diplomacy in Busan, China’s push for #GenderEquality partnerships, and #RCEP as an engine for regional #Integration. Articles explore how strategic planning drives #Sustainability and global development under the banner of #Modernization. From energy transition to cyberspace security, the issue portrays a confident China charting a course for shared growth and stability. #China#GlobalGovernance#Sustainability#FiveYearPlan#RCEP#XiTrumpMeeting#ClimateAction#DigitalFuture#GenderEquality#AsiaPacific