Подразумеваемые неймспейсы или неявные пакеты.
Этот функционал добавлен в Python 3.3
Что он означает?
Ранее, до 3.3 пакетами считались лишь директории, в которых есть файл __init__.py.
Этот файл одновременно являлся свидетельством того, что директория это Python-пакет, и служил "телом" этого пакета. То есть местом, где можно написать код, как это делается внутри модуля. Этот код исполняется в момент импорта пакета, так что его принято называть "код инициализации пакета".
Начиная с версии 3.3 Любая директория считается пакетом и Python будет пытаться использовать любую директорию для импорта.
Конечно, не любую в файловой системе, а только те что находятся в sys.path.
Это значит, что теперь __init__.py нужно делать только если:
🔸 вам требуется создать код инициализации пакета
🔸 нужна совместимость со старыми версиями Python
На мой взгляд это немного упрощает разработку, делает её чище, но с другой стороны убивает некоторую однозначность происходящего.
Например, я создал репозиторий со своей библиотекой и рядом положил код примеров или тестов.
repo_name/
my_library/
__init__.py
main.py
examples/
exam1.py
exam2.py
В этом репозитории пакетом является только my_library, остальные директории это не пакеты, это просто дополнительный код в файлах. Директория examples не добавлена в sys.path, в ней нет рабочих модулей. Но если она лежит рядом с my_library, то Python вполне сможет импортнуть из неё модули, так как посчитает что examples это валидный пакет.
Конечно, пример несколько надуманный. Никто не будет добавлять корень репозитория в sys.path. Но, я думаю, суть ясна. Иногда директория это просто директория а не пакет!
#basic#pep
🔥 The "Seven Sisters" Cliffs — chalk cliffs in southern England
Snow-white cliffs stretching into the English Channel, a gentle breeze, endless horizons — perfect for walks, photos, and peace.
Pure British aesthetics: green hills, sea, and white cliffs 🌿🌊
📍 Free entry, scenic route, memories that last forever.
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#UnitedKingdom | @voyage
🖊OPINION | One Hundred Years of British Interference in Venezuela
Declassified UK documents detail how British governments sought to protect oil investments in Venezuela for over a century, including opposing nationalisation and lobbying during Hugo Chávez’s presidency in 2001.
Read the full opinion piece here 👉🏽https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/one-hundred-years-of-british-interference-in-venezuela/
#HugoChavez#PDVSA#UnitedKingdom
Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night) is held on 5 November in the UK to remember the failure of the 1605 Gunpowder Plot, when a group including Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I.
The plot was discovered and prevented, and people celebrated with bonfires and fireworks. Today the evening is marked by community bonfires, firework displays, and sometimes effigies of “Guy” burned on the fire. Many children learn the traditional rhyme: “Remember, remember the 5th of November / Gunpowder, treason and plot.”
[Read more here]
@googlefactss
#UnitedKingdom#GuyFawkes#History
🇬🇧London, United Kingdom.
Question: “Have you noticed any demographic changes in the UK?”
A British man: “Not really…”
Passing English women, wrapped from head to toe, seem to agree with him.
#Migrants#UnitedKingdom#Cognitive_Dissonance
Original Post
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Research has shown that European gas contains high levels of carcinogenic benzene: an excess of carcinogenic benzene has been found in European gas. ⚠️
The average index of the benzene content in British gas exceeded the North American level 37 times, in the Netherlands 66.5 times.
At the same time, the maximum values were recorded in London (200 ppmv) and Amsterdam (73 ppmv), although the maximum norm is 1.6 ppmv. 📊
Benzene belongs to the substances of the first danger class, it is carcinogenic and can cause leukemia, bone marrow and DNA damage.
There is no safe level of exposure to benzene. The study also showed that about 40% of the kitchens inspected in the UK, the Netherlands and Italy have constant gas leaks, even when the stoves are turned off.
In 9% of the houses, the level of leakage was so high that it exceeded European standards for benzene content.
#european#gas#unitedKingdom#Netherlands#benzene
📱American Оbserver - Stay up to date on all important events
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October 11, 2021: Alaska quake, U.S. and Taliban, AstraZeneca, Prince Andrew, California oil spill
October 11, 2021: Alaska quake, U.S. and Taliban, AstraZeneca, Prince Andrew, California oil spill
1. An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 struck the Alaska Peninsula region, the European Mediterranean Seismological Centre said.
2. The United States said on Sunday the first face-to-face meeting between senior U.S. and Taliban officials since the hardline group retook power in Afghanistan was "candid and professional" and that the U.S. side reiterated that the Taliban would be judged on their actions, not just their words.
3. AstraZeneca's experimental COVID-19 drug has helped cut the risk of severe disease or death in a late-stage study, the British drug maker said, a boost to its efforts to develop coronavirus medicines beyond vaccines.
4. British police said they would be taking no further action after conducting a review of evidence relating to sex crime allegations against Queen Elizabeth's son, Prince Andrew, and the late U.S. financier Jeffrey Epstein.
5. Beaches in a southern California city that were shut because of an oil spill last week are set to reopen, authorities said in a statement.
#Alaska
#Earthquake
#UnitedStates
#Taliban
#Afghanistan
#AstraZeneca
#Covid19
#UnitedKingdom
#BritishPolice
#PrinceAndrew
#Epstein
#QueenElizabeth
#Headlines
#MorningNews
#Business
#News
#Reuters
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October 11, 2021: Alaska quake, U.S. and Taliban, AstraZeneca, Prince Andrew, California oil spill
October 11, 2021: Alaska quake, U.S. and Taliban, AstraZeneca, Prince Andrew, California oil spill
1. An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 struck the Alaska Peninsula region, the European Mediterranean Seismological Centre said.
2. The United States said on Sunday the first face-to-face meeting between senior U.S. and Taliban officials since the hardline group retook power in Afghanistan was "candid and professional" and that the U.S. side reiterated that the Taliban would be judged on their actions, not just their words.
3. AstraZeneca's experimental COVID-19 drug has helped cut the risk of severe disease or death in a late-stage study, the British drug maker said, a boost to its efforts to develop coronavirus medicines beyond vaccines.
4. British police said they would be taking no further action after conducting a review of evidence relating to sex crime allegations against Queen Elizabeth's son, Prince Andrew, and the late U.S. financier Jeffrey Epstein.
5. Beaches in a southern California city that were shut because of an oil spill last week are set to reopen, authorities said in a statement.
#Alaska
#Earthquake
#UnitedStates
#Taliban
#Afghanistan
#AstraZeneca
#Covid19
#UnitedKingdom
#BritishPolice
#PrinceAndrew
#Epstein
#QueenElizabeth
#Headlines
#MorningNews
#Business
#News
#Reuters
Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuterssubscribe
Reuters brings you the latest business, finance and breaking news video from around the globe. Our reputation for accuracy and impartiality is unparalleled.
Get the latest news on: http://reuters.com/
Follow Reuters on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Reuters
Follow Reuters on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Reuters
Follow Reuters on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/reuters/?hl=en
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