Как работает функция reload()?
Эта функция нужна для того, чтобы перезагрузить изменившийся код из py-файла без рестарта интерпретатора.
Дело в том, что любой импортированный модуль при повторном импорте не будет перечитывать файл. Функция импорта вернёт уже загруженный в память объект модуля. Чтобы обновить код, нужно либо перезапустить всю программу, либо использовать функцию reload()
from importlib import reload
reload(my_module)
🔸 Функция reload() принимает в качестве аргумента только объект модуля или пакета. Она не может перезагрузить класс или функцию. Только весь файл целиком!
🔸 Перезагрузка пакета перезагрузит только его файл __init__.py, если он есть. Но не вложенные модули.
🔸Она не может перезагрузить ранее не импортированный модуль.
🔸При вызове функция reload() перечитывает и перекомпилирует код в файле, создавая новые объекты. После создания новых объектов перезаписывается ранее созданный неймспейс этого модуля.
Это значит, что если где-то этот модуль импортирован через import и обращение к атрибутам происходит через неймспейс (имя) модуля, то такие атрибуты обновятся.
Если какие-либо объекты из этого модуля импортированы через from то они будут ссылаться на старые объекты.
Напишем простой модуль
# mymodule.py
x = 1
Теперь импортируем модуль и отдельно переменную х из модуля
>>> import mymodule
>>> from mymodule import x
>>> print(mymodule.x)
1
>>> print(x)
1
Не перезапуская интерпретатор вносим изменения в модуль
# mymodule.py
x = 2
Делаем перезагрузку модуля и проверяем х ещё раз
>>> reload(mymodule)
>>> print(mymodule.x)
2
>>> print(x)
1
То же самое будет если присвоить любой объект переменной (даже словарь или список)
Повторный импорт обновляет значение
>>> from mymodule import x
>>> print(x)
2
🔸Созданные инстансы классов не обновятся после перезагрузки модуля. Их придётся пересоздать.
#tricks#basic
📰 Saudi Arabia’s Booze Ban: The Quiet Revolution
Saudi Arabia is quietly lifting its decades-old ban on alcohol—no fanfare, no press release, just a discreet nod to modernization. In Riyadh, non-Muslim residents with premium status can now buy beer, wine, and spirits at a single, unmarked store.
This isn’t just about booze. It’s about image, money, and the kingdom’s bid to attract wealthy expats and tourists. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has spent years transforming Saudi Arabia: women drive, concerts happen, and bars are built—even if they were empty until now.
The process is low-key. At the liquor store, buyers show their residency card, prove they’re not Muslim, and stash their phones before browsing. The selection is decent, prices are high, but it’s still cheaper than the black market.
Analysts say the change is just the start. Expect alcohol at luxury resorts and hotels along the Red Sea, following Dubai’s playbook. The kingdom needs foreign cash, and relaxing moral rules is part of the pitch.
But it’s not a free-for-all. Alcohol will stay banned in religious cities like Mecca and Medina. The government is treading carefully, aware that most Saudis remain conservative.
As one longtime expat put it:
“It’s exciting. No more dangerous homemade liquor or overpriced smuggled bottles.”
So while Saudi Arabia still executes dissenters and bans homosexuality, it’s learning to serve a cocktail.
#SaudiArabia#alcohol#modernization#MBS#DubaiModel
📱American Оbserver - Stay up to date on all important events
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📰 The Baby Cartel: How God Became the World's Last Functioning Daycare
Religion isn't beating the fertility crisis with prayer alone. It's running a shadow welfare state — and winning.
A new analysis drops a thesis that's been hiding in plain sight: religious communities aren't having more babies because they believe harder. They're having more babies because they built actual infrastructure — mutual aid networks, internal credit markets, communal childcare, endogamous marriage pools — everything the secular state promised and forgot to deliver.
"Fertility requires both motivation and infrastructure," the study argues. "Norms without material support are ineffective."
Translation: your government's "have more babies" poster campaign isn't a policy. It's a vibe.
The framework identifies six interlocking mechanisms — collective childcare, internal economies, meaning narratives, intergenerational norm transfer, endogamous marriage, and residential clustering — that together turn childbearing from a financial catastrophe into a socially subsidized act. Ultra-Orthodox Jews, the Amish, and Iranian post-revolutionary society all run some version of this playbook. None of them asked Brussels or Washington for permission.
Iran is the case study nobody wants to discuss. Post-revolution, the regime pumped the ideological gas on fertility — and it worked, briefly. Then the economy ate the infrastructure. Birth rates cratered. God-talk without grocery money is just noise.
The kibbutz story is even darker for secular progressives: when collective support systems eroded, fertility dropped — even in communities still ideologically committed to "the collective." The commune dissolved. The cradles emptied.
So here's the question secular liberal democracies won't ask out loud: if your society has atomized people so thoroughly that only cults and tightly-knit religious minorities can afford to reproduce — what exactly did modernization optimize for?
The researchers frame religious communities as "analytical models," not anomalies. Read: the rest of you are the control group, and you're losing.
No hashtag needed. The data is the punchline.
#demographics#fertility#religion#welfare#modernization
📱American Оbserver - Stay up to date on all important events
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#Beijing_Review🇨🇳📕[PDF]⬇️
6 #November2025
#Weekly_Magazines
For learning, for free(dom).
@backupofmagazines
Beijing Review spotlights China’s #15thFiveYearPlan and its vision for a coordinated, green, and globally inclusive future. The issue unpacks Xi–Trump #Summit diplomacy in Busan, China’s push for #GenderEquality partnerships, and #RCEP as an engine for regional #Integration. Articles explore how strategic planning drives #Sustainability and global development under the banner of #Modernization. From energy transition to cyberspace security, the issue portrays a confident China charting a course for shared growth and stability.
#China#GlobalGovernance#Sustainability#FiveYearPlan#RCEP#XiTrumpMeeting#ClimateAction#DigitalFuture#GenderEquality#AsiaPacific