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Изворен канал @pythonotes · Post #239 · 3 мај

Один из самых удобных способов записать данные это использование готовых форматов, такие как JSON или YAML. Из плюсов такого подхода стоит отметить вот что: 🔸 готовый, повсеместно используемый и поддерживаемый формат 🔸 простой и понятный файл, удобочитаемый для человека 🔸 можно легко редактировать в любом текстовом редакторе без специальных программ и библиотек Но есть и минусы 🔹 затраты времени при записи файла (кодирование данных в нужный формат строки) 🔹 затраты времени при чтении файла (декодирование данных в Python объекты) 🔹 размер файла увеличивается из-за разметки данных (скобки, запятые, переносы, отступы...) 🔹 перед записью все данные должны быть помещены в память в полном объёме (не всегда) 🔹 при чтении необходимо считать весь файл в память и только потом декодировать данные Если нужно писать немного данных в несколько файлов, то затраты по времени не ощутимы. Обычно это файлы конфига или какие-либо метаданные. Это отличный вариант под такие задачи. Есть и другой поход к записи файлов - это бинарные файлы. Используется, когда данных достаточно много и никто их не собирается читать глазками😳. 🔸 очень быстрая запись 🔸 чтение значительно быстрей чем JSON, YAML итд 🔸 размер файла значительно меньше, так как нет разметки 🔸 можно записывать данные по мере поступления не загружая всё в память 🔸 можно извлечь любую часть данных независимо Из минусов 🔹 нужно определить свой формат записи данных (если не используете готовую спецификацию определённого формата) 🔹 не получится открыть файл и визуально понять что там записано, а для чтения файла потребуется знать его спецификацию. 🔹 не так-то просто создать такой файл без специальной библиотеки В таком виде удобно записывать большой массив любых однородных данных. Например, мониторинг валютной биржи или кэшированная анимация 3D геометрии. (Это не означает что нельзя записать данные разного типа, просто это будет не так удобно) Представьте себе JPG-картинку. По сути это немного мета-информации и большой массив пикселей. Тоже самое со звуком или видео файлом. Поэтому, если вы попробуете открыть картинку в текстовом редакторе вы увидите что-то вроде такого f15d cd29 a564 4578 ... 09e2 9bc4 a696 1253 ... 84e9 4de1 3b23 c24a ... 2534 5161 28e0 709d ... ... Это и есть записанные байтики. И для их чтения требуется определённый софт который знает что с ними делать. Под каждый тип файла. К чему это я? Читайте в следующем посте... #tricks#basic

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AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #540 · 02.04.2025 г., 07:04

📖EU AI Act: Compliance Challenges and Costs The EU AI Act categorizes AI systems by risk level, requiring different compliance measures accordingly. A new paper, "European AI Standards – Technical Standardization and Implementation Challenges under the EU AI Act", analyzes these requirements and provides practical guidance for adherence. The authors argue that the current standardization framework creates a disproportionate financial burden for companies. They propose policy changes to reduce compliance costs while maintaining regulatory objectives. The paper also compares the EU AI Act’s standards with the ISO AI framework, highlighting key differences. #AIAct#AIRegulation#Compliance#LegalTech#AIStandards

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #763 · 12.02.2026 г., 08:04

🇪🇺📖ETSI Publishes Baseline AI Security Standards for Europe The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has released baseline cybersecurity standards for organizations implementing AI systems in Europe. The document sets out AI security expectations across the full lifecycle of AI tools, including design, deployment, and operational use. The standards were developed using guidance from the UK National Cyber Security Centre and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. They are intended to serve as a common security reference point for AI adoption, establishing minimum expectations for safeguarding AI systems against cyber risks. #AIRegulation#AIGovernance#Cybersecurity#AIStandards#ETSI#TechLaw

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #140 · 17.10.2023 г., 07:04

Experts Examine AI Office's Key Role in EU Regulation Hello, dear subscribers! Hadrien Pouget, Associate Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and Johann Laux, British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Oxford, have written an insightful article highlighting the pivotal role of the AI Office within the EU's regulatory framework, especially in the context of implementing the AI Act. The authors propose a three-fold strategy for the AI Office: 1️⃣ Developing Harmonized Standards: They recommend that the AI Office actively contributes to enhancing the specificity of AI regulations over time. This involves aiding in the determination of normative decisions for consideration and offering insights when normative judgments need to be made. 2️⃣ Amending the AI Act: The AI Office should monitor and navigate the intricate interplay between the AI Act and other laws. Moreover, it should maintain independence while providing recommendations for delegated acts and amendments. 3️⃣ Handling Legal Matters: In court proceedings, the AI Office plays a vital role in identifying gaps in the protection of fundamental rights. It offers insights into distinguishing predictable harms from unpredictable ones by meticulously examining technological evidence. The AI Office is envisioned as a central agency instrumental in ensuring the ethical and effective implementation of AI regulations. #AIRegulation#AIStandards#AIAct#EURegulation#AIOffice#FundamentalRights

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #218 · 18.01.2024 г., 08:04

U.S. Congress Introduces Federal AI Risk Management Act 2024 Greetings everybody! U.S. Congress members have unveiled the Federal Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Act of 2024. Building upon the 2023 bill, this legislation mandates Federal Agencies to adopt the Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Exceptions are made for national security systems. NIST's AI RMF, shaped through an inclusive and open process with inputs from 240 organizations, becomes a cornerstone for agencies within a year of the bill's passage. The Act also necessitates agencies to incorporate the framework into their AI risk management strategies within 180 days of NIST's guidelines. Furthermore, it empowers the Director of NIST and Administrator of Federal Procurement Policy to draft contract language mandating AI suppliers to adhere to the framework. #AIRiskManagement#AIStandards#NIST#AIFramework

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #127 · 02.10.2023 г., 07:04

ISO and IEC Make Foundational Standard on Artificial Intelligence Publicly Available Hello, everyone! The International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) have made ISO/IEC 22989, a critical AI standard, accessible to the public. This foundational standard defines over 110 essential AI concepts, including 'datasets', 'AI agents', 'transparency', and 'explainability'. ISO/IEC 22989 provides conceptual guidance for Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV) models. Its goal is to establish a shared vocabulary, terminology, and framework for AI concepts, promoting fruitful discussions among stakeholders. Here's a snapshot of key definitions: - AI System - Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) - AI Auditor - Robustness - Explainability - Predictability - Transparency - Trustworthiness As AI regulations surge worldwide, standardization becomes a vital need, especially in the absence of global alignment in regulatory language. #AIStandards#AI#ISO#IEC#AICommunity

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #159 · 08.11.2023 г., 08:04

G7 Leaders Agree on International Guiding Principles for AI Development Hello, everybody! The G7 leaders have reached a consensus on International Guiding Principles and a voluntary Code of Conduct for AI developers under the Hiroshima AI process. The intention is to harmonize international standards with EU regulations to ensure the responsible and trustworthy development of AI. The eleven principles provide a roadmap for the responsible advancement, deployment, and utilization of advanced AI systems, including foundation models and generative AI. These principles encompass commitments to address risks, prevent misuse, promote responsible information sharing, mandate incident reporting, bolster cybersecurity measures, and introduce a labeling system for AI-generated content. #G7Leaders#AI#AIStandards#EURegulations#AIAct#AIDevelopment

AI & Law

@ai_and_law · Post #74 · 03.08.2023 г., 07:04

Advancing Responsible AI: Insights from the American Chamber of Commerce Hello, AI community! Today, we bring you valuable insights from the American Chamber of Commerce to the European Union's position paper for the AI Act trilogue negotiations. Let's look into the facts and recommendationstons. 🔹 Defining AI: The Chamber encourages EU decision-makers to align the definition of AI with the OECD's definition. A clear and internationally accepted AI definition fosters multilateral coordination in AI policy. 🔹 Streamlining High-Risk Designation: The paper suggests narrowing the scope of high-risk designation to avoid vagueness. This focused approach ensures that AI technologies with genuine high-risk factors receive appropriate attention while minimizing unnecessary burdens on other AI systems. 🔹 Outcome-Oriented Flexibility: Chapter III requirements largely match current responsible AI practices. However, the Chamber emphasizes the importance of remaining flexible and outcome-oriented. 🔹 Obligations for Foundation Models and General Purpose AI: The paper calls for obligations tailored to foundation models and general-purpose AI. 🔹 Transparency in Artificially Generated Content: Transparency is key when it comes to artificially generated content. The Chamber advocates for measures that promote understanding and disclosure of AI-generated content to safeguard users from potential misinformation and manipulation. 🔹 Harmonized Enforcement and Flexible Standards: To create a robust AI landscape, harmonized enforcement and clear yet flexible standards are necessary. #ResponsibleAI#AIRegulation#AIAct#AITrilogue#TechPolicy#AICommunity#GlobalAI#AIStandards