Можно ли в Python создавать бинарные файлы? Конечно можно.
Для этого в Python есть следующие инструменты:
▫️ тип данных bytes и bytearray
▫️ открытие файла в режиме wb (write binary) или rb (read binary)
▫️ модуль struct
Про модуль struct поговорим в первую очередь.
Файл в формате JSON или Yaml внутри себя содержит разметку данных. Всегда можно определить где список начался а где закончился. Где записана строка а где словарь. То есть формат записи данных содержит в себе элементы разметки данных.
В binary-файле данные не имеют визуальной разметки. Это просто байты, записанные один за другим. Правила записи и чтения находятся вне файла.
Модуль struct как раз и помогает с организацией данных в таком файле с помощью определения форматов записи для разных частей файла.
Модуль struct преобразует Python-объекты в массив байт, готовый к записи в файл и имеющий определённый вид.
Для этого всегда следует указывать формат преобразования (или, как оно здесь называется - запаковки).
Формат нужен для того, чтобы выделить достаточное количество байт для записи конкретного типа объекта. В последствии с помощью того же формата будет производиться чтение.
При этом следует помнить что мы говорим о типах языка С а не Python.
Именно формат определяет, что записано в конкретном месте файла, число, строка или что-то еще.
Вот какие токены формата у нас есть.
Помимо этого, первым символом можно указать порядок байтов. На разных системах одни и те же типы данных могут записываться по-разному, поэтому желательно указать конкретный способ из доступных. Если этого не сделать, то используется символ '@', то есть нативный для текущей системы.
В строке формата мы пишем в каком порядке и какие типы собираемся преобразовать в байты.
Запакуем в байты простое число, токен "i".
>>> import struct
>>> struct.pack('=i', 10)
b'\n\x00\x00\x00'
Теперь несколько float, при этом нужно передавать элементы не массивом а последовательностью аргументов.
>>> struct.pack('=fff', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1)
b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@'
Вместо нескольких токенов можно просто указать нужное количество элементов перед одним токеном, результат будет тот же.
>>> struct.pack('=3f', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1)
b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@'
Теперь запакуем разные типы
>>> data = struct.pack('=fiQ', 1.0, 4, 100500)
я запаковал типы float, int и unsigned long long (очень большой int, на 8 байт)
b'\x00\x00\x80?\x04\x00\x00...'
Распаковка происходит аналогично, но нужно указать тот же формат, который использовался при запаковке. Результат возвращается всегда в виде кортежа.
>>> struct.unpack('=fiQ', data)
(1.0, 4, 100500)
Как видите, ничего страшного!
#lib#basic
Unraveling the Scam NFT Epidemic Dominating the Past Week
The last week has been filled with cases of spam mailings of pseudo-NFT projects that supposedly entitle you to tokens or promise something else. But this is not true, if you received such an NFT, they are trying to deceive you.
✔️Do's: Nothing. Ignore them. If they clog your wallet, burn them.
🚫Don'ts: Follow the links in the description of these NFTs and connect your wallet. There is a risk of the balance being written off.
☝️ NFTs of good projects are valuable, they don’t just send them. If you did not pay for them or did not participate in the activities of this project, you will not be sent NFTs. So remember to be sane and safe.
All NFTs shown in the photo are ⚠️
#StaySafe with @t_oncoin✔️
In Week 14 of 2026, Nigeria recorded 167 new #LassaFever suspected cases, along with 22 new confirmed cases and 3 new confirmed deaths. Additionally, 8 states and 14 LGAs were affected.
These figures highlight the need for continued vigilance, early detection, and strict preventive measures.
🔗 Read the full Situation Report:
Week 14: https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/17cfcdddda3a2ff22088487a8e4b3c20.pdf
Protect yourself and prevent Lassa fever by:
✅ Keeping your environment clean and free of rodents
✅ Storing food in tightly covered containers
✅ Disposing of waste properly and keeping homes clutter-free
✅ Visiting the nearest health facility immediately when you notice symptoms such as fever, weakness, headache, or bleeding.
#LassaFever#StaySafe#NCDCNigeria
In Week 10 of 2026, Nigeria recorded sustained #LassaFever activity, according to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention.
A Total 317 new suspected cases were reported, along with 40 new confirmed cases and 7 new confirmed deaths. Additionally, 8 states and 22 LGAs were affected.
These figures highlight the need for continued vigilance, early detection, and strict preventive measures.
🔗 Read the full Situation Report:
Week 10: https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/04217c6d966b18e819ad033ea7cf5134.pdf
Protect yourself and prevent Lassa fever by:
✅ Keeping your environment clean and free of rodents
✅ Storing food in tightly covered containers
✅ Disposing of waste properly and keeping homes clutter-free
✅ Seeking medical care early when you notice symptoms such as fever, weakness, headache, or bleeding.
#LassaFever#StaySafe#NCDCNigeria
In Week 9 of 2026, Nigeria recorded sustained #LassaFever activity, according to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention.
A Total 460 new suspected cases were reported, along with 65 new confirmed cases and 9 new confirmed deaths. Additionally, 7 states and 26 LGAs were affected.
These figures highlight the need for continued vigilance, early detection, and strict preventive measures.
🔗 Read the full Situation Report:
Week 9: https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/dd3c0ead24ab75983d665aa1a82da8cd.pdf
Protect yourself and prevent Lassa fever by:
✅ Keeping your environment clean and free of rodents
✅ Storing food in tightly covered containers
✅ Disposing of waste properly and keeping homes clutter-free
✅ Seeking medical care early when you notice symptoms such as fever, weakness, headache, or bleeding.
#LassaFever#StaySafe#NCDCNigeria
In Weeks 4 and 5 of 2026, Nigeria recorded sustained #LassaFever activity.
In Week 4, there were 189 new suspected cases and 28 new confirmed cases, with 7 new deaths reported. A total of 594 suspected cases, 121 confirmed cases, and 25 deaths had been recorded.
In Week 5, 160 new suspected cases were reported, along with 44 new confirmed cases and 6 new deaths.
These figures highlight the importance of continued vigilance and preventive actions.
🔗 Read the full sitrep:
Week 4: https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/209b83e6b6cc29b8353e30e34394d8a5.pdf
Week 5: https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/e94a04b902c47c21d467d1e6a0f833d1.pdf
Protect yourself and prevent Lassa fever by:
✅ Keeping your environment clean and free of rodents
✅ Storing food in tightly covered containers
✅ Disposing of waste properly and keeping homes clutter-free
✅ Seeking medical care early when you notice symptoms such as fever, weakness, headache, or bleeding.
#LassaFever#StaySafe#NCDCNigeria”
In the first three weeks of 2026, Nigeria recorded a rise in #Lassafever activity.
In Week 1, there were 104 suspected cases and 21 confirmed cases, with 9 deaths reported.
In Week 2, confirmed cases increased to 33, while the number of suspected cases for the week increased to 144.
In Week 3, 157 new suspected cases were reported, along with 39 new confirmed cases and 6 new deaths.
This figures highlights the importance of continued vigilance and preventive actions .
🔗 Read the full sitrep:
Week 1: https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/09e281a5e335ce56f3efe782318ca0ea.pdf
Week 2: https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/08187c401459ff0ca43206cda1c28004.pdf
Week 3: https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/6a2487657377bd1d55e70377a214c725.pdf
Protect Yourself and prevent Lassa fever by:
✅ Keeping your environment clean and free of rodents
✅ Storing food in tightly covered containers
✅ Disposing of waste properly and keeping homes clutter-free
✅ Seeking medical care early when you notice symptoms such as fever, weakness, or bleeding.
#LassaFever#StaySafe#NCDCNigeria
Last week, across several parts of Nigeria, health facilities continued routine surveillance for Lassa fever as people went about their end-of-year festivities and daily routines.
Between 15th - 21st December 2025, 21 new cases were confirmed across multiple states, with 5 reported deaths.
While weekly figures may change, they remind us that Lassa fever remains present and that early presentation at health facilities significantly improves outcomes.
Preventive actions remain key:
🏡 Keep homes and surroundings clean.
🥘 Store food properly.
🧼 Wash hands regularly with soap under veal running water.
💊 Avoid self-medication
🏥 Seek medical care early.
Full sitrep: https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/070ffa8b11f8e6170bb61854b22b06cb.pdf
#LassaFever#NCDCNigeria#StaySafe
Lassa Fever Update – Week 43 2025
🗓 20th - 26th October 2025
📍11 new confirmed cases in Ondo & Edo
📊 Cumulative 2025:
✅ 955confirmed cases
✅ 176 deaths
✅ CFR: 18.4% (↑ vs 16.6% in 2024)
🔹 88% of cases from Ondo, Bauchi, Edo & Taraba
https://ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/55b33161bbfe39fd72039808875e5c45.pdf
#LassaFever#NCDCNigeria#StaySafe