第四十期：A Toast to Vienna in 3/4 Time
概要
好久没分享 YPC 的notes 哈哈哈～这一期是给维也纳爱乐乐团庆祝125年的生日。维也纳爱乐乐团和纽约爱乐乐团都是创立于1842年，于是他们互相给对方庆祝生日哈哈哈～说起维也纳，即使是不太听古典音乐的朋友也会想到大名鼎鼎的维也纳新年音乐会，和上面演奏的施特劳斯的华尔兹们。这一期伯恩斯坦就从施特劳斯的华尔兹开始，回溯了一下四三拍的历史。在莫扎特时期，是没有所谓的华尔兹的。当然四三拍的音乐在当时已经很常见，伯恩斯坦总结当时有两种四三拍的类型，一种起源于德国民间音乐 Ländler （兰德勒），听起来是很 rustic的（伯恩斯坦用 hup-tsa-tsa 来形容hhh）。第二种是非常优雅的，贵族们跳的 minuet （小步舞曲）。圆舞曲之王施特劳斯家族在加上了 Vinenese touch ，创作了非常多的华尔兹舞曲迎合当时维也纳人喜爱跳舞的风潮。而充满实验精神的贝多芬把minuet的形式被疯狂加速变成了 scherzo（谐谑曲）。在简易回顾了一下四三拍的历史之后，紧接着又表演了 Mahler的三首歌曲，选自 Des Knaben Wunderhorn (The Boy’s Magic Horn)，故事都挺搞笑无厘头的，也全都是三拍子的。马勒不仅是维也纳著名的作曲家，在世时更是以指挥出名，而且在维也纳爱乐乐团和纽约爱乐乐团都当过指挥。整场演奏会以 Richard Strass 玫瑰骑士中的圆舞曲作为结尾。
曲目
1. Johann Strauss II - Wiener Blut
2. Mozart - Three German Dances Schlittenfahrt (Sleigh Ride)
3. Mozart - Symphony No.41 (Jupiter), 3rd Movement Menuette
4. Beethoven - Symphony No. 7, 3rd Movement
5. Richard Strauss - Der Rosenkavalier Sequences Of Waltzes, TrV 227c & TrV 227a
#YPC
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV17E411b78S/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0
第三十七期：Charles Ives: American Pioneer
概要
这期介绍的是美国作曲家 Charles Ives～ 这哥们主业是保险推销员，在工作之余创作了一大堆非常先锋的作品（远早于勋伯格或者斯特拉文斯基进行的那些实验），或者按照伯恩斯坦的说法：有趣的作品。在他的作品中有不同的节奏同时演奏，有非常dissonance的音符，还有对各种熟悉旋律的”搞怪“演绎。当然有趣只是他音乐的一方面，伯恩斯坦还提到他对熟悉曲调的演绎蕴涵了一种他对过去小镇生活时光的回忆，那些熟悉的曲调随着时间的流逝好像变得模糊不清。除了热爱他的家乡，歌曲 Lincoln, The Great Commoner 展现了 Ives 爱国主义的一面。最后，伯恩斯坦指挥了 Ives 最著名的作品 The Unanswered Question，这周曲子直接直指人类的终极哲学问题 why do we exist：这首作品的构思很有意思，小号问了七次问题，木管们试图回答，回答越来越快越来越 gibberish，而与此同时弦乐们轻柔的演奏着他们自己的旋律，很像现在的 ambience music。在小号最后一次问出问题之后，木管们没有回答，空留“宇宙之声”回响 🌌
喜欢的 Quote
Just imagine: in those early 1900's what was called "crazy modern music" consisted of Debussy, Ravel, and Richard Strauss — all composers we think of today as pretty stodgy old-timers. And yet, in those very same years, this Connecticut Yankee named Ives was already madly pursuing his own off beat ideas, writing music that no one could decipher, no one could play, and no one cared to hear.
But really to understand Ives, or any adventurer for that matter, we must remember that the spirit of adventure is just another way of saying the spirit of play, the sporting instinct — doing things simply for the fun of doing them.
Now I've always thought that word fun was unjustly belittled; it's a wonderful word; and I believe it applies just as much to music as to roller-coaster rides or swimming or movies.
曲目
1. Charles Ives - The Gong on the Hook and Ladder or, Firemen's Parade on Main Street
2. Charles Ives - Washington's Birthday
3. Charles Ives - Circus Band March
4. Charles Ives - Lincoln, The Great Commoner
5. Charles Ives - The Unanswered Question
#YPC
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1eo4y1f7vr
第三十六期： What is a Mode?
概要
这一期伯恩斯坦介绍了音乐中 mode 的概念。这期的缘起是他的女儿问他一首披头士的歌的和弦，他跟她说这首歌是中古调式的然后她女儿很感兴趣～虽然这个词看起来很高级，但伯恩斯坦用两句话就解释完了😂: Modes are simple scales. A scale is simply a way of dividing up the distance between any note and the same note repeated an octave higher. 接下来的时间就是介绍了各种 modes，也就是各种 -ian们 🤣 而且用了很多例子展示他们的运用，干货满满～
喜欢的 Quote
The word Dorian obviously comes from the Greek, and in fact, as well as the other modes we're about to discover, does come originally from the music of ancient Greece. We don't know too much about that old Greek music: What we do know is that the Greek modes eventually made their way to Rome and were taken up by the Roman Catholic church during the Middle Ages in a somewhat different form. But the church kept the old Greek names for the modes: Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian, and Ionian.
From about the time of Bach until the beginning of our own century—roughly two hundred years—our Western music has been based almost exclusively on only two modes—the major and the minor.
And in the music of our own century, when composers have gotten tired of being stuck with major and minor all the time, there has been a big revival of those old pre-Bach modes. That's why Debussy used them so much, and other modern composers like Hindemith and Stravinsky, and almost all the young song writers of today's exciting pop music scene.
曲目
1. Debussy - Festivals (Fetes)
2. Along comes Mary
3. Sibelius - Symphony No.6
4. Secret Agent Man
5. Rimsky-Korsakov - Scheherezade
6. Brahms - Symphony No.4
7. Prokofiev - Lieutenant Kije
8. Beethoven - String Quartet No. 15, Op. 132, Third Movement “Heiliger Dankesang”
9. Sibelius - Symphony No.4
10. Chopin - Mazurka No.15 in C (Op.24, No.2)
11. Mussorgsky - Boris Godunov “Polonaise”
12. Tommy James & the Shondells - Hanky Panky
13. Kinks - You Really Got Me
14. Beatles - Norwegian Wood
15. Debussy - The Sunken Cathedral
16. Bernstein - Fancy Free
17. Beethoven - Symphony No. 5
#YPC
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1BA41147pm
第三十四期：A Birthday Tribute to Shostakovich
概要
这一期是给肖斯塔科维奇庆生，节目播出的年份他刚要60岁。伯恩斯坦提到了他1959年和纽约爱乐团一起去俄国和肖斯塔科维奇见面的经历。肖斯塔科维奇给他的印象是一个非常内向的人，虽然他的音乐一点都不害羞，反而是非常有力量。这期节目伯恩斯坦以肖七开场，并非常详细的介绍了肖九的各个乐章，讲其中的诸多幽默，的确很有生日派对的氛围😂
喜欢的Quote
When the New York Philharmonic and I visited Russia, back in 1959, I had the pleasure and privilege of meeting Shostakovich. And I had an impression of a very reserved man, speaking very little, a bit nervous, and very shy. I suspect that that is the true nature of the man, but you'd never know it from hearing his music. As a composer he has a great deal to say, serious or light, whatever it happens to be, and he says it with enormous confidence, ease, and boldness. I suppose that's one of the most fascinating things about artists—how different they can be, as people, from the art they create. The most sure-handed painter may be very insecure in his daily life; the greatest writer may have trouble spelling the simplest words; the most intelligent physicist may be incapable of adding up an ordinary grocery bill.
曲目
1. Shostakovich - Symphony No.7
2. Shostakovich - Symphony No.9
#YPC
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1EJ411a7CA
第三十三期: The Sound of an Orchestra
概要
这一期虽然叫《管弦乐团之声》，其实说的是“作曲家之声”。伯恩斯坦认为管弦乐团的工作是将作曲家心中的音响带给大家，而不是表达自己的个性。节目开场先用一种非常甜腻的手法演奏了 Haydn 的 Symphony No.88 （报幕还拿非常花的花体写标题 😂），然后伯恩斯坦深入分析了他们做错了什么：包括过多的揉弦，散漫的节奏，过于极端的表达，还有过大的乐团等等，并当场请走了一堆乐手😆 最后又以比较正常的 Haydn 的风格演奏完了这首曲子。接下来他让各种乐器展现了一下他们如何演绎不同作曲家的声音，先是以 Brahms 和 Debussy 为例，分别代表德式和法式的音响，再是以 Stravinsky, Gershwin 和 Copland 为例，说明即使是现代的音乐，管弦乐团也需要通过不同的技巧诠释出作曲家的声音。
喜欢的Quote
The sound of a great orchestra is one that can change, at will from one composer's style to another, from Haydn to Brahms to Debussy to Stravinsky. Anything else is a sin of pride.
So where does that leave us with this so-called "sound of an orchestra?" Nowhere. There's no such thing—or at least, there shouldn't be. All that matters is the sound of the composer.
曲目
1. Haydn - Symphony No.88 Largo
2. Beethoven - Symphony No.5
3. Beethoven - Symphony No.7
4. Brahms - Symphony No.1
5. Debussy - Ibéria
6. Stravinsky - "Royal March” from The Story of a Soldier
7. Gershwin - An American in Paris
8. Copland - Rodeo
#YPC
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1JQ4y1M7sz
第三十二期：Music Atoms - A Study of Interval
概要
好久没有更新YPC系列啦～说起理由真的是很搞笑但又很真实：因为我家电视看bilibili不是很方便！(Please don’t judge me 😳) Anyway，趁着出门在外的日子把这个系列再更新起来吧～
这一期是比较“理论”的一期，讲的是 interval (音程）这个概念。Bernstein说一个音符不能称之为音乐，至少需要两个音符，才能组成音乐性的关系，而随着音符的增多，音乐便从这些“关系”中诞生。在这里他又开展了他的类比大法：一个音符只能当作是一个电子或一个质子，无法单独存在，而至少需要再来一个才能组成最基础的原子，再结合一下组成分子，组成物质。而这至少两个音符组成的关系被称作 interval （音程）。接下来，Bernstein 用尺子为道具具体介绍了音程的概念，介绍了 inversion, Melodic (horizontal) interval, Harmonic (vertical) interval 等诸多概念，并让现场观众演唱了各种音程。最后Bernstein用两首曲目介绍了音程在作曲中的应用。第一首是 Brahms 的 Symphony No.4 第一乐章，其主题是由 3rd 和 6th （为 3rd 的 inversion）组成，并将 3rd 贯穿全曲。第二首介绍的曲目是 Vaughan Williams 的 Symphony No.4 的最后一个乐章。这首 Symphony 在前三个乐章里各种利用 minor 2nd，听起来非常刺激，而在最后一个乐章的 finale 终于出现了 major 2nd～ 虽然 major 2nd在各种音程中也算是不和谐的了，但是在那么多 minor 2nd 的铺垫下，简直就是迎来了一片曙光～ Bernstein 总结非常精辟，”There you have the real magic of intervals: in the hands of a composer who's a genius, a modest, humble little major second can have a mountainous majesty.”
喜欢的Quote
One simple note all by itself is not music — not even a single molecule of music, not even an atom. It's more like a proton or an electron, which, as you know, is meaningless all by itself; you need at least one of each — at least two atomic particles — to create an atom. And in exactly the same way you need at least two notes before you can begin to have an atom of music. Because with that one lonely note, isolated, nothing is happening, it's just floating in space. But once you have two notes [FLUTE] you suddenly feel a relationship between them, like an electrical tension. There's already the beginning of a musical meaning. And with three notes, that meaning increases and before you know it, [BLUE DANUBE]. You see what happened: those musical protons and electrons —the separate notes that is — have combined together forming atoms, which then combined into molecules, which finally combined into recognizable matter, like this wood or this hair, or that Blue Danube Waltz.
Now obviously, major seconds aren't all that wide-open compared to fourths for instance, or fifths which are really wide open; but compared to the scrunchy little minor seconds, which we've been hearing in every conceivable form for three whole movements, this major second seems like the gates of Heaven itself. And there you have the real magic of intervals: in the hands of a composer who's a genius, a modest, humble little major second can have a mountainous majesty.
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1sE411a7rz/
曲目
1. Wagner - Prelude to Act III of Lohengrin
2. Brahms - Symphony No.4
3. Vaughan Williams - Symphony No.4
#YPC
第二十九期: Farewell to Nationalism
概要
这一期叫做告别民族主义，不过看完的感觉好像是在“追悼”民族主义音乐的good old days😂民族主义音乐大概就是那种一听就能辨别出来是哪个国家或地区的音乐，一般是因为使用了带有当地特色的节奏旋律，或者是folk music～19世纪以前的音乐没有那么”民族主义“，伯恩斯坦举例了巴赫（德国人）和维瓦尔弟的音乐很相似。进入十九世纪，伴随着欧洲民族主义精神和政治的兴起，音乐也越来越带有民族主义色彩，每个地区都有自己的代表人物和风格。而进入了20世纪，作曲家们变得更为国际化，音乐也再次难以分辨国籍（片中举例了Webern, Mayazumi, Babbit等人的作品）。介绍完了这些小小的历史知识之后，伯恩斯坦演了三首富有民族主义色彩的作品。第一首是美国作曲家Charles Ives（这位的个人故事也蛮有意思的）的Fourth of July，这首作品是作曲家怀念小时候国庆节所做，非常有趣，里面有很多国庆节歌曲的逗趣版本，而且他们全部叠加在一起，还创造了游行中一个乐队远去，另一个乐队靠近的那种效果（而且为了指挥这个需要两位指挥😂），还有疯了一样的烟花声。第二首介绍的是西班牙作曲家Manuel de Falla的芭蕾The Three Cornered Hat，从节奏到旋律都西班牙风味十足，活力四射。最后演奏的是大家都耳熟能详的，提到民族主义音乐就会想到的捷克作曲家Smetana的The Moldau，的确是“追悼”民族主义音乐的最佳“绝唱”了。
喜欢的Quote
That's the way music used to be written, neatly packaged with clear nationalistic labels, and tied with colorful native ribbons.
You see, we've jumped 6000 miles from Germany to Japan, and the music has hardly changed at all. So something strange is going on these days, isn't it? Perhaps music is finally becoming what so many people have always liked to call it: a universal language.
曲目
1. Gliere - Russian Sailor's Dance ("The Red Poppy")
2. Charles Ives - "Fourth of July"
3. Manuel de Falla - The Three Cornered Hat
4. Smetana - The Moldau
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Qa4y1i79K
#YPC
第二十八期: What is a Sonata Form
概要
这一期介绍的是Sonata Form～估计各位都对这个比较熟悉，但感觉这一期还是讲的非常好～Sonata来自于拉丁语Sonare，意思是器乐音乐，之后成为了古典音乐中可能最重要的一种音乐形制。伯恩斯坦介绍了这个form的两大特点，第一个是balance，Sonata Form可以看作是ABA form的一种延展，所以听起来很对称平衡；第二个是contrast，大多数的sonata form都会经历一个tonic-dominant-tonic的过程（当然也不是所有的选择都是dominant），这就创造出了戏剧效果。另外伯恩斯坦还有一个很好的总结：听出一个音乐的form是很难的，因为音乐不像绘画或是建筑，是存在于空间中的，所以形式一目了然，而音乐是时间上的艺术，听出它的形式就需要记住之前听过的内容，而了解类似于Sonata Form这种模式的一个好处就是有助于我们推断出一首作品的form～这一期里最有意思的是开头先演奏了Mozart的Jupiter Symphony，然后在伯恩斯坦大说特说一大通之后（其中还包括了他唱Beatles的And I Love Her😆），最后再一次演奏了Jupiter Symphony，但是这一次还请人在后面举牌子告诉大家现在是sonata form的哪个部分，非常喜欢这个设置～
喜欢的Quote
The form is harder to understand because grasping the form of a piece means seeing it all at once, or I should say hearing it all at once, which is of course impossible since music takes place in time instead of in space. So how could you hear it all at once.
But with a piece of music it takes time to hear the form; you have to keep in your head all the notes you've already heard while you're listening to the new ones, so that by the time the piece is over, it all adds up to one continuous form. Maybe that sounds impossible, but it's not. Of course, it's not easy, either. But if you know a little about the form in advance, (for instance, if you know the piece is going to be in sonata form) it all becomes much easier, because you can almost predict what musical shapes are going to happen.
曲目
1. Mozart - Symphony in C Major, "Jupiter"
2. Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star
3. Beatles - And I Love Her
4. Bizet - Carmen: Micael's Aria
5. Mozart - Piano Sonata in C Major
6. Prokofiev - Classical Symphony
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZE41197e7
#YPC
第二十七期：Jazz in the Music Hall
概要
这一期介绍的是音乐厅中的爵士乐，以The Third Stream为代表。The Third Stream把爵士和古典音乐融汇起来，由Gunther Schuller在1957年提出，节目中第一首便是请Gunther Schuller亲自指挥了自己的Journey into Jazz，讲的是一个小男孩学习爵士乐的历程，蛮有意思的～The Third Stream显然不是爵士乐和古典融汇的第一人，节目中介绍的第二首作品是1926年Aaron Copland写的Piano Concerto，其中包含了当年流行的爵士元素（Charleston rhythms等）。最后节目介绍了一首当下（不过也是快60年前了lol）的第三潮流作品Larry Austin的Improvisations for Orchestra and Jazz Soloists，其中有要求乐手们即兴的段落。
曲目
1. Gunther Schuller - Journey into Jazz (Peter and the Wolf of Jazz)
2. Aaron Copland - Concerto for Piano and Orchestra
3. Larry Austin - Improvisations for Orchestra and Jazz Soloists
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ua411A7ZV
#YPC
第二十六期：The Genius of Paul Hindemith
概要
时隔很久的更新😳🙈这一期是纪念Paul Hindemith的突然离世。之前我对这位作曲家没有一点了解，在这一期里学到了很多。Bernstein对于Hindemith的形容是德式传统的继承人，虽然他的音乐乍一听是不和谐的，但是这些不和谐下面还是对传统的继承，而且他也是抵抗了勋伯格开创的十二音作曲风潮。针对这一点，Bernstein举了两个例子，一个是他的Three Exercise Pieces，虽然听起来挺“现代”的，但是底色和巴赫的二部创意曲没有什么区别；另一个是他的Piano Sonata No.2，虽然也是有一些“奇怪”，但用的Alberti Bass也是非常传统。之后Bernstein介绍了他的交响曲Mathis der Maler，是由他的同名歌剧改编，写的是德国画家Mathis Gruenwald的三幅画。Bernstein介绍道，Hindemith对这位画家的痴迷很大程度上是因为二人共享类似的境遇：Hindemith内心挣扎于满足纳粹的需求和自己的创作自由，而当年Mathis Gruenwald也是陷入宗教争端，内心挣扎。这首交响曲成为一种他对于纳粹的抵抗，艺术家也是公民，而抵抗的方式就是创作艺术本身。
喜欢的Quote
He was a fun-loving man, for whom music was everything. He was my idea of the total musician; he played music, wrote it, taught it, breathed it. He played jazz in cafes; he was concertmaster of an orchestra; he played viola in a string quartet, he wrote books about music; but mainly he wrote music, every kind of music —big, little, serious, light, noble and jazzy, hard and easy, music for professionals, for amateurs, and for children. He was a modern composer; but he was certainly never what we call an Angry Young Man. He had too much love in him for that. He loved all the German music that he was born into — Bach, Mozart, Bruckner; and he just continued it, making his own additions and changes.
So this opera about Mathis der Maler was his way of protesting; and in it he solved Gruenwald's problem as well as his own, by deciding that an artist is also a citizen and a fighter, only his way of fighting is by practicing his art, by creating beauty, in his own way — even if it means leaving his country, forever, which Hindemith finally did in 1938.
曲目
1. Paul Hindemith - Übung in drei Stücken (Exercise in Three Pieces), Op. 31/I
2. Paul Hindemith - Piano Sonata No.2
3. Paul Hindemith - Quartet No.3QUARTET NO, 3, OPUS 22
4. Paul Hindemith - Kleine Kammermusik
5. Paul Hindemith - Mathis der Maler
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1pT4y1w7f6
#YPC
第二十四期：A Tribute to Teacher
概要
轻松愉快的一期～伯恩斯坦把这一期献给自己的老师，包括了Serge Koussevitzky, Randall Thompson, Walter Piston, Fritz Reiner等，演奏了他们或者和他们相关的作品，分享了自己和他们的很多故事，而且现场也来了不少他的老师和亲属。正如伯恩斯坦所说，好的老师可以"light a spark in you"，不只是传授知识，更是传授对知识的热情，老师。伯恩斯坦用了Brahms的Academic Festival Overture作为结尾，这首作品是Brahms为一所学校所写，也是和老师有关～伯恩斯坦这么多年之后其实也成为了一位老师，而且是为大众普及音乐的老师，很感动于这样的传承～
喜欢的Quote
We can all think of a self-taught painter or writer, but it is almost impossible to imagine a professional musician who doesn't owe something to one teacher or another.
Teaching is probably the noblest profession in the world — the most unselfish, difficult, and honorable profession. It is also the most unappreciated, underrated, underpaid, and underpraised profession in the world.
You see, teaching is not just a dry business of scales and exercises; a great teacher is one who can light a spark in you, the spark that sets you on fire with enthusiasm for music, or for whatever you are studying. You can study the history of the Civil War for a year, memorizing battles and generals and dates and places; but if you don't care about the Civil War you'll wind up not knowing a bloody thing about it; But if you're lucky enough to have a teacher who makes that war part of your life, part of your country and your past — then you can drink in whole gallons of dates and names and places, and never forget them, because you learned them out of enthusiasm.
曲目
1. Mussorgsky - Khovanshchina prelude
2. Randall Thompson - Symphony No.2
3. Walton Piston - The Incredible Flutist
4. Brahms - The Academic Festival Overture
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mp4y1h7Bx
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第二十三期：The Latin American Spirit
概要
这一期介绍的拉丁美洲的古典音乐，是一期忍不住想要跳舞的节目💃伯恩斯坦说拉丁美洲音乐的两大特点一是充满切分音的节奏，另一个是民族乐器带来的特殊色彩。伯恩斯坦还提到了拉丁美洲的“拉丁”一词来自于被殖民的历史（葡萄牙西班牙说的语言都属于拉丁语系），但是拉丁美洲的音乐更受到当地原住民以及非洲的深刻影响。这期节目里介绍了巴西作曲家Oscar Fernandez，Villa-Lobos，还有墨西哥作曲家Revueltas的作品，各具特色。除此之外还介绍了两位受到拉丁美洲音乐影响的美国作曲家的作品，一个是Aaron Coplan的一首，另一个是Bernstein自己的West Side Story🤣🤣🤣其实从West Side Story就可以猜到伯恩斯坦本人应该是很喜欢拉丁美洲的音乐的～这期节目里他指挥得也是很投入，感觉马上就要在指挥台上跳起来了～
我个人对拉丁美洲古典音乐的了解不是很多（当然，我对其他了解其实也不是很多），只听一两张那种"Latin American Classics"合集，但是一直都对拉丁美洲的音乐很上头，感觉它们在舞曲和热情的表面下有一种“英气”的东西（形容得不好😳）。看完这期准备再多explore一点拉美的作品，也欢迎大家推荐呀！
喜欢的Quote
Now actually I'm not crazy about that word "Latin" to describe this kind of music, because it tells only part of the story. When we speak of "Latin America" we are, of course, referring to the historical fact that these countries were conquered, settled, and exploited by invaders from Latin countries: like Spain—or, as in the case of Brazil, from Portugal. That's why Spanish and Portuguese are still the official languages of our friends to the south of us: and those languages are called "Latin" languages because they developed from the old language of ancient Rome. But the Latin American spirit—which is our subject today—has other ancestors besides the Latin ones, at least as important; and they are first of all the Indians,—the original inhabitants of those countries, and in some cases very strong civilizations in themselves—and secondly, Africans, a tremendously important influence, at least as important as it is in our own country. And it is the mingling of these different ancestors, influences, and heritages, which makes the Latin American spirit, what it is at any rate in the music.
The word America means much more than only the United States—that North America, South America, and Central America are, or ought to be, a solid united hemisphere.
曲目
1. Fernandez - Batuque
2. Villa-Lobos - Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5
3. Revueltas - Sensemayá
4. Aaron Copland - Danzon Cubano
5. Bernstein - West Side Story
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1AJ411m75w
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