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Изходен канал @clockstackwheels · Post #721 · 26.12

Почему я люблю языки с сильной системой типов, проверяемой статическим анализом кода — хорошо написанная программа является своей собственной спецификацией и позволяет выражать через язык программирования законы существования предметной области. Когда-то давно я писал на ActionScript. Там была система типов, но вот десериализация JSON'ов по-умолчанию была в какой-то общий Object, к полям которого нужно было обращаться ["по_строковому_имени"]. В один момент мне потребовалось написать что-то на C#, который я совсем не знал, я стал гуглить, как десериализовать JSON, и с удивлением обнаружил кучу советов заранее объявить класс со всеми нужными полями и десериализовать в него. "Какой ужас!", — подумал я тогда, — "Это же дико неудобно! А если я не знаю полей JSON? А если их много? Отвратительный язык!" Теперь то я прекрасно понимаю, что JSON это контракт, и что правильная десериализация только такая и должна быть, и что в хорошем API в одном поле никогда не бывает данных принципиально разных типов, и так далее. Нет, если вы набиваете вечерами пет-проект или сидите бессонную ночь на хакатоне, нет ничего плохого в том, чтобы взять простой язык с динамическими типами вроде JavaScript или Python, не требующий описывать данные. Но вот в энтерпрайзе, особенно когда над одним проектом работает много людей (а бывает это очень часто) — хорошее использование системы типов убережёт разработчиков от огромного количества ошибок, будет бить их по рукам, когда они пытаются сделать что-то не то, и будет подсказывать, когда они не уверены в чём-то. С помощью статической типизации можно на уровне кода обозначить правила, по которым ведёт себя предметная область вашей программы в реальном мире. Разработчику не только будет сложно их нарушить, но он ещё и станет узнавать какие-то вещи, которые мог не знать раньше. Например, если мы делаем медицинскую CRM, и больница заводит новых пациентов только тогда, когда знает их группу крови, мы можем объявить тип "Пациент" (или, если точнее, "Карта пациента") и запретить создавать экземпляры этого типа, не передав в конструктор группу крови (которая, в свою очередь, тоже является типом, вероятнее всего ValueObject'ом). Если новый программист пришёл в проект, он, во-первых, не сможет записать в БД некорректную карту пациента. Понятно, мы не учитываем случаи, когда новый программист переделывает модели предметной области — это будет хорошо видно на кодревью. А, во-вторых, даже если ему никто не сказал, что пациенты должны быть с группой крови, он узнает это из кода. И уже будет понимать, что в тех процессах реальной жизни, которые он описывает кодом, карта пациента создаётся только при наличии группы крови. А, значит, нужно искать какой-то способ сначала эту группу крови получить, и только потом создавать карту. Программирование моделирует реальный процесс. В настоящей работе даже на языках с типами, конечно, без должного контроля можно написать что угодно. Нужна управленческая воля, компетентность руководства, понимание опасности техдолга, в идеале отдельные должности для архитекторов, опытные лиды и старшие разработчики. Но когда всё это есть, можно отсекать много проблем ещё на старте и проще погружать новичков. #dev

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Намерени 12 подобни публикации

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Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21079 · 15.01.2026 г., 08:32

#Ethiopian Federal Police allege #Eritrean link in ammunition seizure amid tensions Ethiopian Federal Police says it has seized nearly 57,000 rounds of ammunition in Woldia town, Amhara region, alleging that the consignment originated from Eritrea and was intended for armed groups operating inside Ethiopia, amid tensions between the two countries. In a statement issued on 14 January 2026, the Federal Police said they, in coordination with other security bodies, intercepted an Isuzu freight truck at a checkpoint in Woldia and detained two suspects. The vehicle was allegedly traveling from Mekelle, in the Tigray region, toward Shewa Robit. According to the statement, a preliminary investigation indicated that the ammunition had been secretly transported from Eritrea, received in Mekelle, and was intended for delivery to the Fano armed group operating in the Amhara region. The police further accused the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) of facilitating the transfer. https://addisstandard.com/?p=54555

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21761 · 18.03.2026 г., 13:04

For survivors of #Ethiopian massacres, fears of a new war are looming Five years after the massacre that killed two members of her family, 71-year-old Abeba Gebregeziaber is convinced that another horrific war is looming. She lives in the ancient city of #Axum, in the highlands of northern Ethiopia, where #Eritrean soldiers killed hundreds of civilians with machine-guns and house-to-house executions in late 2020. Her son and son-in-law were among the victims. “The killing lasted for days,” she said. “Since then, it’s been a slow death for me. I have no more tears to cry. And I am certain that more conflict is coming.” For weeks, the Ethiopian army has been mobilizing troops and equipment in the north, around the #Tigray region and the border of neighbouring Eritrea − the same region that suffered a devastating war from 2020 to 2022, with Axum one of Tigray’s worst-hit cities....... https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-for-survivors-of-ethiopian-massacres-fears-of-a-new-war-are-looming/

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21058 · 13.01.2026 г., 13:19

News: Following months of mutual accusations, #Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki accuses #Ethiopia of declaring war, dismisses Red Sea narrative Eritrean President #Isaias Afwerki on Monday accused Ethiopia of declaring war on Eritrea and rejected narratives framing the tensions as a dispute over #Red_Sea access, in comments aired on Eritrean state television. Following an extended discussion on United States foreign policy, President Isaias turned to his deteriorating relations with Ethiopia’s ruling party. He rejected claims that tensions between the two countries are linked to access to the Red Sea, insisting that Eritrea harbors no such ambition. “For us, it is not directly about the Red Sea,” he said. The Eritrean leader accused Ethiopia’s ruling Prosperity Party of advancing a broader militarized agenda, claiming that armed conflicts have persisted across the country despite the signing of the Pretoria peace agreement. Isaias further alleged that ... Read more: https://addisstandard.com/?p=54519

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21328 · 06.02.2026 г., 10:20

News: Former minister #Gedu says #Eritrean, #Ethiopian forces operated “as a single force” until Pretoria ceasefire, disputes PM Abiy’s account of Asmara’s role in Tigray war Former Minister of Foreign Affairs Gedu Andargachew has disputed Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s recent parliamentary account of Ethiopia’s wartime engagement with Eritrea, saying Eritrean forces fought alongside the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (#ENDF) “effectively as a single force” until the Pretoria ceasefire halted joint operations. He said he proposed raising the withdrawal of Eritrean forces from Tigray during the visit but was instructed not to do so. According to Gedu, no message concerning the suffering of civilians in Tigray was delivered in Asmara. In a letter dated 5 February 2026 and sent to Addis Standard, Gedu rejected Abiy’s claim that he served as the Prime Minister’s envoy to Eritrea after the outbreak of the war in Tigray to convey concerns over crimes .... Read more: https://addisstandard.com/?p=55048

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21402 · 14.02.2026 г., 07:12

News: #Eritrean president meets #Saudi deputy FM in Asmara following #Riyadh– #Addis diplomatic engagements President Isaias Afwerki of Eritrea held talks with Waleed bin Abdulkarim Al-Khereiji, Deputy Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia, during a meeting in Asmara, according to Eritrea’s Ministry of Information. The meeting, held Thursday at the Denden Guest House, focused on strengthening longstanding bilateral relations and expanding cooperation across political, economic, security, cultural, and social sectors. The information ministry said discussions also covered shared perspectives on regional and international developments, including the role of Red Sea littoral states in maintaining regional peace and stability. Eritrea’s Foreign Minister Osman Saleh attended the talks alongside senior Saudi officials... https://www.facebook.com/share/1GDQjadMAW/

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #22140 · 29.04.2026 г., 08:18

News: #Eritrean Embassy rejects criticism over possible #U.S. rapprochement, defends engagement push The Embassy of the State of #Eritrea in #Washington, D.C. has pushed back against criticism surrounding reports of a possible diplomatic reset between Eritrea and the #United_States, dismissing what it called “alarmist interpretations” and “hired lobbyist advocacies” aimed at derailing prospects for rapprochement. In a press statement issued Tuesday, the embassy said recent commentary following a The Wall Street Journal report on potential sanctions relief and normalization efforts had advanced “selective narratives” intended to undermine “the timely opportunity for constructive engagement.” https://addisstandard.com/?p=56664

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21285 · 03.02.2026 г., 06:35

#Yemen Agriculture ministry condemns #Eritrean & #Somali attacks on Yemeni Fishermen The Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources Ministry strongly condemned the criminal attacks and repeated violations targeting Yemeni fishermen in the #Red_Sea and the Gulf of #Aden by the Eritrean authorities and the authorities of the Somali region, describing them as a blatant violation of international, humanitarian, and maritime laws, norms, and conventions. In a statement received by the Yemeni News Agency (Saba), the Ministry explained that Eritrean forces carried out a direct armed attack using live ammunition against civilian Yemeni fishermen within the territorial waters of the Republic of Yemen in the Red Sea, resulting in deaths and injuries, as well as the detention of a number of fishermen who were forcibly taken away. The Ministry considered these actions a dangerous escalation that threatens the safety, security of fishermen, targets their livelihoods and ..... https://saba.ye/en/news3639829.htm

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21949 · 06.04.2026 г., 09:41

News: Seven #Eritrean players go missing in #South_Africa after AFCON qualifying group stage Seven players from the Eritrean national team have reportedly gone missing in South Africa after refusing to return home following their historic qualification for the group stage of the 2027 Africa Cup of Nations (#AFCON) qualifiers, BSNSports.com.ng reports. The development comes shortly after Eritrea secured a 4-1 aggregate victory over #Eswatini, a result that saw the East African nation advance to the group stage of the qualifiers for the first time in 19 years. According to reports, only three of the ten locally-based players who travelled for the encounter have returned to Eritrea. The players who made the trip back home are Ablelom Teklezgi, Nahom Tadese, and Romel Abdu, while the remaining seven players are believed to have absconded while still in South Africa. The incident has..... https://www.facebook.com/AddisstandardEng/posts/pfbid02La11bRoDiS4bmFUSEQnyLH5knofV1tV75GpBMpfLsxoF7PyxYAou9DhFivWca7Wfl

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21496 · 23.02.2026 г., 08:32

News: #Saudi deputy foreign minister meets #Ethiopian FM week after Isaias talks in Asmara Saudi Arabia’s Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, Waleed A. M. Elkhereiji, met with Ethiopia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gedion Timothewos, in Addis Abeba, a week after holding talks with #Eritrean President #Isaias Afwerki in #Asmara. According to a statement from the Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the two officials discussed the “strong and longstanding bilateral relations” between Ethiopia and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, underscoring the importance of elevating ties to “a new high.” They also exchanged views on regional peace & security issues of mutual interest. Ethiopia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs offered no additional information in the statement. The meeting comes a week after Saudi Vice Foreign Minister Waleed A. M. Elkhereiji held talks in Asmara with Eritrean President... Read more: https://addisstandard.com/saudi-deputy-foreign-minister-meets-ethiopian-fm-week-after-isaias-talks-in-asmara/

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21046 · 12.01.2026 г., 12:22

News: #Libya deports 39 migrants, including #Ethiopians, in ongoing effort to curb undocumented movement Libyan authorities have deported 39 irregular migrants of various nationalities, including Ethiopians, as part of continued efforts to combat illegal migration and strengthen security, according to reports citing Libyan officials. The operation, carried out by the Anti-Illegal Migration Agency, was implemented in two phases in line with legal and security procedures. The first group, consisting of #Egyptian migrants, was deported via the Emsaed land border crossing after completing all required administrative formalities. The second group, made up of #Eritrean, #Somali, and Ethiopian nationals, was transferred to the Qanfouda shelter and deportation center, where remaining procedures—including identity verification, administrative processing, and basic health checks—were completed... https://web.facebook.com/AddisstandardEng/posts/pfbid02CiYjSSBx4ifFwvMh4WqrnHLwuhLq3aZbLBu145e3cF9akf3yfvL73RaoYkLutPUSl

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21330 · 06.02.2026 г., 12:50

News: Police say over 100 #Eritrean nationals ‘intercepted’, four trafficking suspects detained in #South_Omo Police in the #Turmi City Administration of South Omo Zone in South #Ethiopia Regional State, said security forces intercepted 118 Eritrean nationals and detained four suspected human traffickers during a “coordinated operation” conducted on 1 February 2026. Deputy Inspector Mekite Mesfin, Commander of the Turmi City Police Office, said that the group was apprehended at around 8:00 a.m. following a tip-off. According to him, the individuals had departed from the “center of the country” but were “intercepted through a joint intelligence-sharing effort involving the South Omo Zonal Police Department, #Hamar Woreda Police, and the Turmi City Administration.” The individuals were being transported in two commercial vehicles, an Isuzu truck with plate number Code 3-A-63484 and an FSR vehicle with plate number Code 3-DE-00603 SE, police said........ Read more: https://addisstandard.com/?p=55057