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Изходен канал @clockstackwheels · Post #721 · 26.12

Почему я люблю языки с сильной системой типов, проверяемой статическим анализом кода — хорошо написанная программа является своей собственной спецификацией и позволяет выражать через язык программирования законы существования предметной области. Когда-то давно я писал на ActionScript. Там была система типов, но вот десериализация JSON'ов по-умолчанию была в какой-то общий Object, к полям которого нужно было обращаться ["по_строковому_имени"]. В один момент мне потребовалось написать что-то на C#, который я совсем не знал, я стал гуглить, как десериализовать JSON, и с удивлением обнаружил кучу советов заранее объявить класс со всеми нужными полями и десериализовать в него. "Какой ужас!", — подумал я тогда, — "Это же дико неудобно! А если я не знаю полей JSON? А если их много? Отвратительный язык!" Теперь то я прекрасно понимаю, что JSON это контракт, и что правильная десериализация только такая и должна быть, и что в хорошем API в одном поле никогда не бывает данных принципиально разных типов, и так далее. Нет, если вы набиваете вечерами пет-проект или сидите бессонную ночь на хакатоне, нет ничего плохого в том, чтобы взять простой язык с динамическими типами вроде JavaScript или Python, не требующий описывать данные. Но вот в энтерпрайзе, особенно когда над одним проектом работает много людей (а бывает это очень часто) — хорошее использование системы типов убережёт разработчиков от огромного количества ошибок, будет бить их по рукам, когда они пытаются сделать что-то не то, и будет подсказывать, когда они не уверены в чём-то. С помощью статической типизации можно на уровне кода обозначить правила, по которым ведёт себя предметная область вашей программы в реальном мире. Разработчику не только будет сложно их нарушить, но он ещё и станет узнавать какие-то вещи, которые мог не знать раньше. Например, если мы делаем медицинскую CRM, и больница заводит новых пациентов только тогда, когда знает их группу крови, мы можем объявить тип "Пациент" (или, если точнее, "Карта пациента") и запретить создавать экземпляры этого типа, не передав в конструктор группу крови (которая, в свою очередь, тоже является типом, вероятнее всего ValueObject'ом). Если новый программист пришёл в проект, он, во-первых, не сможет записать в БД некорректную карту пациента. Понятно, мы не учитываем случаи, когда новый программист переделывает модели предметной области — это будет хорошо видно на кодревью. А, во-вторых, даже если ему никто не сказал, что пациенты должны быть с группой крови, он узнает это из кода. И уже будет понимать, что в тех процессах реальной жизни, которые он описывает кодом, карта пациента создаётся только при наличии группы крови. А, значит, нужно искать какой-то способ сначала эту группу крови получить, и только потом создавать карту. Программирование моделирует реальный процесс. В настоящей работе даже на языках с типами, конечно, без должного контроля можно написать что угодно. Нужна управленческая воля, компетентность руководства, понимание опасности техдолга, в идеале отдельные должности для архитекторов, опытные лиды и старшие разработчики. Но когда всё это есть, можно отсекать много проблем ещё на старте и проще погружать новичков. #dev

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@Profile_pictures_tm · Post #4709 · 11.09.2021 г., 08:52

Wishing you a nice holiday and a better upcoming year. A year full of change and a year full of opportunities. 2014 Here We Go! For all of our #Ethiopian🇪🇹 subscribers 🌼🌼🌼 🇪🇹🇪🇹🇪🇹 PROFILE PICTURES ™

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Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21810 · 23.03.2026 г., 14:57

#US to roll out new visa bond of up to $15,000 for #Ethiopian applicants starting April 2 Addis Abeba – Ethiopian nationals applying for U.S. business and tourist visas will be required to post a bond of up to $15,000 starting April 2, 2026, under a new pilot program, according to the U.S. Embassy Addis Abeba. The embassy said applicants who are otherwise eligible for B1/B2 visas “will be required to post a bond of up to $15,000 before the visa can be issued,” adding that the payment is intended as a compliance guarantee. According to the information shared this afternoon, “the bond will be returned to the traveler if he or she complies with all conditions of the visa and departs the United States before the period of admission expires.” The information clarified that the requirement will only apply to new visas issued after the policy takes effect. “This requirement does not apply to people holding a valid B1/B2 visa issued before April 2.” https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1CT3Z1dn5S/?mibextid=wwXIfr

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21836 · 26.03.2026 г., 07:32

Inside #Africa’s model for aviation leadership From its first flight 80 years ago to a network that now spans five continents, #Ethiopian Airlines has emerged as one of aviation’s most compelling success stories, bringing a distinctly African vision of excellence to the world. In April 1946, Ethiopian Airlines took to the skies for the first time with a flight from Addis Ababa to Cairo. Its fleet comprised just five C-47 aircraft. No Boeings or Airbuses, no glossy lounges, and none of the conveniences travelers now expect as standard. What there was, however, was a crystal-clear ambition: to connect Ethiopia to the world. Eight decades later, and that first flight now feels worlds away from an airline that has become a gold standard for African aviation. Today, Ethiopian Airlines operates a fleet of more than 150 aircraft and serves more than 145 destinations across five continents, making it Africa’s...... https://edition.cnn.com/sponsor/edition/ethiopian-airlines/africas-model-for-aviation-leadership

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21678 · 11.03.2026 г., 10:33

#Opinion: Premarital Education: Empowering #Ethiopian couples with voluntary training The Ministry of Women and Social Affairs recently dismissed rumors regarding a mandatory premarital certification system. While the government rejects any legal requirement, it continues to advocate strongly for marital preparedness as a means to address rising divorce rates. In this opinion piece, Biruk Eshetu G/Kidan highlights that this position is particularly significant in light of Ethiopia's “hidden crisis” of child marriage, which affects over 50% of women, alongside a national divorce rate in which nearly one-quarter of marriages end in separation. He underscores, “When offered as a voluntary, empowering, and culturally adaptable resource, premarital education holds significant promise for strengthening family life.” https://addisstandard.com/?p=55745

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21079 · 15.01.2026 г., 08:32

#Ethiopian Federal Police allege #Eritrean link in ammunition seizure amid tensions Ethiopian Federal Police says it has seized nearly 57,000 rounds of ammunition in Woldia town, Amhara region, alleging that the consignment originated from Eritrea and was intended for armed groups operating inside Ethiopia, amid tensions between the two countries. In a statement issued on 14 January 2026, the Federal Police said they, in coordination with other security bodies, intercepted an Isuzu freight truck at a checkpoint in Woldia and detained two suspects. The vehicle was allegedly traveling from Mekelle, in the Tigray region, toward Shewa Robit. According to the statement, a preliminary investigation indicated that the ammunition had been secretly transported from Eritrea, received in Mekelle, and was intended for delivery to the Fano armed group operating in the Amhara region. The police further accused the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) of facilitating the transfer. https://addisstandard.com/?p=54555

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21623 · 05.03.2026 г., 15:34

News: #Tigray rebels say #Ethiopian troops preparing for war Ethiopian federal authorities are preparing "to wage a war against Tigray," a senior official from this northern regional state told AFP on Wednesday, raising fears of a new conflict. Tigray emerged in 2022 from a two-year war that saw federal forces, backed by militias and the Eritrean army, clash with rebels from the Tigray People's Liberation Front (#TPLF). The TPLF dominated Ethiopian politics for some 30 years before current Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, a non-Tigrayan, took power in 2018. At least 600,000 people were killed in the conflict, according to estimates from the African Union. A ceasefire held for more than two years, but clashes between federal and Tigrayan forces broke out again in November 2025 and January 2026. Large numbers of federal troops have for several weeks been massed at the Tigray border, where.... https://web.facebook.com/AddisstandardEng/posts/pfbid023a9Gk4wS4Zc9q1exiF73ypsGSrQ1ubLT6Pg7Hv5gRNoJDmMEsv8KpNyvcM73Nq8il

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21514 · 24.02.2026 г., 13:56

News: CPJ urges fair, transparent trials for four #Ethiopian journalists facing terrorism charges The Committee to Protect Journalists (#CPJ) has called on Ethiopian authorities to ensure fair and transparent trials for four journalists who face potential death sentences or life imprisonment on terrorism charges. In a statement issued today, 24 February 2026, CPJ urged due process protections for Gobeze Sisay, Meskerem Abera, Genet Asmamaw, and Dawit Begashaw, who have been in detention for nearly three years over their reporting on unrest in the Amhara region. Gobeze Sisay of The Voice of Amhara was arrested in May 2023 in Djibouti and transferred under unclear circumstances to Ethiopia. The four are expected to present their defense in May after a federal court ruled on February 4 that prosecutors had presented sufficient evidence for the case to proceed to trial..... https://web.facebook.com/AddisstandardEng/posts/pfbid0voRExTEfa4g6PM5jgBBVLsBm8FvampoHPZDj5eyx4og4CufgARyvDrcR4WQE2DXSl

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21632 · 06.03.2026 г., 14:11

News: Authority urges #coffee suppliers to release stocks amid global price decline The #Ethiopian Coffee and Tea Authority has urged coffee suppliers to promptly release existing stocks to the market following a recent decline in global coffee prices. In a statement issued yesterday on developments in the international coffee market and the status of Ethiopia’s coffee sector, the Authority called on suppliers, exporters, and farmers to accelerate the sale of stored coffee and supply it to the central market while prices remain relatively stable. Director General of the Authority, Adugna Debela, said international coffee prices have fallen from around $4 to approximately $2.80 over the past two months. He added that projections suggesting a further decline to about $2.50 are creating additional pressure on actors in the sector. Coffee exports have long been one of Ethiopia’s primary sources of foreign currency. Recent reports indicate that the country..... Read more: https://addisstandard.com/?p=55626

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21884 · 30.03.2026 г., 13:43

#Chinese automaker giant unveils four electric vehicle models for #Ethiopian market Addis Abeba - Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd (GAC Group) has unveiled four new electric vehicle (EV) models for the Ethiopian market, marking the company’s formal expansion into the country’s emerging e-mobility sector. The launch took place Friday evening during the opening of the company’s GAC JUNTU flagship showroom in Addis Abeba, where government officials, industry stakeholders, and business representatives attended the event. Speaking at the ceremony, Zhou Li said Ethiopia’s policy shift toward green mobility and the growing demand for environmentally friendly vehicles influenced the company’s decision to introduce the new EV models. https://www.facebook.com/AddisstandardEng/posts/pfbid05vnDTb7ybGhEcsZQo9LJnPHbtWFP6bCSuhNDCczpejiyYNV8SgxPn4kmaBdc2Tx8l

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21706 · 13.03.2026 г., 14:07

News: #Ethiopian Cargo to join Freightos digital booking platform by end of March Addis Abeba — Ethiopian Airlines #Cargo & Logistics Services will join the digital booking platform operated by Freightos by the end of March, allowing freight forwarders to access rates, quotes, bookings and payment services across the airline’s global cargo network. The development, according to a report by The STAT Trade Times, will enable freight forwarders using the WebCargo platform to search, quote, and book cargo capacity on Ethiopian Cargo through a digital interface. Freightos said the integration will provide digital rates, quoting and eBooking capabilities, along with WebCargo Pay for digital payments and interlining functions. The move connects Ethiopian Cargo’s network with the Freightos digital booking system used by freight forwarders to secure airline cargo capacity. https://www.stattimes.com/air-cargo/ethiopian-cargo-joins-freightos-platform-for-digital-booking-access-1358382

Addis Standard

@addisstandardeng · Post #21197 · 26.01.2026 г., 15:33

News: #Zambia arrests 30 #Ethiopian nationals for illegal entry in Eastern Province Zambian authorities have arrested 30 Ethiopian nationals for illegal entry into the country after intercepting a vehicle in Nyimba District of Eastern Province, Lusaka Times reported, citing police. According to Eastern Province Police Commanding Officer Robertson Mweemba, the arrests were made at around 11:00 p.m. during an ambush operation in Nyimba District. The Ethiopian nationals were found traveling in an Altaf Ambulance driven by a Chipata-based driver, identified as Boyd Phiri, 40. Police said the ambulance, bearing registration number BAT 3037, belongs to Altaf Private Hospital in Chipata District. The driver was accompanied by a co-driver, Siyamukenge Chikema, 45. Mr. Mweemba said preliminary investigations indicate that the two drivers picked up the Ethiopian nationals from multiple .... https://www.facebook.com/AddisstandardEng/posts/pfbid035mEzYED17dxtA7hqJsZe6C15DsiJm1obogNsm6ni6ND9yaFvWNwSHXmSsDWzQ9PDl

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