Discovery Science 🧬

The largest extermination of animals by humans: This must be remembered so that nothing like this will ever happen again Human civilization is a formidable machine, endlessly grinding, processing, producing new things. Its mechanisms wipe out entire species of animals without a trace, sometimes out of stupidity, sometimes out of greed, and sometimes out of carelessness. A striking example of this is the story of the passenger pigeon. There were no signs of trouble: the bird lived in the company of 3-5 billion (!!!) brothers and traveled throughout North America. But their problem was that the pigeons consisted of tasty and tender meat (photo 1). The indigenous inhabitants did not cause problems for the birds, but the pale-faced people who arrived in large numbers declared the birds to be pests, trophies, and simply a cheap snack for any occasion. Sociable birds, which prefer huge flocks of millions of comrades, have experienced all the delights of small shot, traps, nets, and poisons. The birds suddenly ended: back in the 1870s, flocks numbered millions of individuals, and 20 years later the species ceased to be found in the wild. All that remains of the pigeons are numerous records of naturalists and one and a half thousand stuffed animals. Even this was not preserved from the Steller cow (photo 2). The five-ton relatives of manatees and dugongs were sedentary, slow and almost did not react to what was happening around them. They had no natural enemies; their dimensions protected the animals from small coastal predators. Steller's cows lived off the coast of Kamchatka and the nearby islands. The large size only provoked people, and 20 years after the discovery in 1741 there was no one left to save. The number of Steller's cows never exceeded 2,000 individuals, and wasteful and sometimes senseless hunting quickly destroyed the small animals. The bison suffered no less, but at least they survived. A massive hunt for giants began after the machines of the Industrial Revolution began to spin in Europe. After all, each of them requires a belt made of strong, high-quality leather, so providers were quickly found. In addition, bison proved to be an excellent political tool. In an attempt to survive the Indians from their native lands, the Americans began to destroy hundreds of thousands of animals, only 1 carcass out of 3 was used, the rest were thrown to be devoured by scavengers. When railroads intertwined the United States, respectable train passengers came up with the idea of ​​shooting at animals from train windows. By the beginning of the 20th century, only a thousand survived from a population of 40 million animals. Fortunately, the worst is over and now nothing threatens the bison. Photo 3 is a legendary photograph of a pyramid of bison skulls. The sparrows are also safe, although they suffered from the too hasty actions of those in power. In the 60s, the Chinese Communist Party decided to radically improve life in the

irth they leave their mother. Another six months of free life - and now the former children themselves make their own little ones. And that's very good. Indeed, thanks to the high rate of reproduction, they are now restoring both their habitat and population, which have significantly decreased over the past 200 years! Author: Yaroslav Ilyin 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

Amur forest cat: Became strong in the taiga. Ready to hunt even ungulates Amur forest cats are not a species, but a northern subspecies of the Bengal cat. But what a one! The fur is thick, the eyes are clear, and the wide pink nose just begs to go “boop!” How would you like to bring such a pet home! There is only one problem: where to get 20 mice a day to feed him? And the Amur forest cat is the northernmost subspecies of the Bengal cat. We can find it in our Primorsky Territory. Amur cats are very voracious, which is not surprising given their size. Weighing 6 kilos for an adult cat is rather the norm, and in winter 3-4 kilograms of high-quality fat are added to this weight, evenly distributed under the cat’s skin. And this is already close to the weight of a lynx! Fat is very useful for a cat: it not only acts as a heat insulator, but also allows the fluffy to be a little lazy. For example, do not go hunting for several days if it is too cold outside or there is a snowstorm. After all, hunting in fresh snow is a bit difficult—no traces are visible, and your short legs get bogged down. But when the cat finally comes out to look for food, all animals smaller than a roe deer are horrified! Like other cats, our hero is a predator, relying on stealth and dashing from a minimum distance, rather than endurance and pack hunting. Even though the basis of its diet consists of rodents, it easily catches birds in flight, climbs into the hollow of squirrels, and also tracks partridges and pheasants. Sometimes particularly large and hungry cats can attack a baby roe deer or a young musk deer. This is a serious prey, of course, but the Murchan-Amur residents are not simple predators! Such good ambush predators do not need company to hunt. They are convinced loners who do not even form married couples. But loners with principles and innate respect for personal boundaries. The Amur forest cat has a territory of up to 10 square kilometers, and marks its boundaries with scent marks. And other cats voluntarily and without problems avoid occupied territories, invading other people's property only under pain of starvation. Everything changes in the second half of March, when the breeding season begins for forest cats. Nowadays, females leave special marks that damn well attract males from all over the area. And although the lady is not particularly picky in choosing a partner for the evening, it is not easy to earn her paw, because there is only one beauty, and there are many males. Therefore, any cat wedding ends with one thing: a fight with shreds of torn fluff and yelling at the whole forest. And after a night of love, the male will leave the female and will most likely never return. 2 months after the excessively exuberant festivities, the female will give birth to 2 to 4 kittens. The baby is developing quickly. Their eyes open on the 10th day, by the end of the first month they already refuse milk and switch to meat, and six months after b

and a supply of food, allowing it to survive one or two failures in the hunt, but also the opportunity to hibernate for the whole winter. And even when he wakes up in the spring, the thrifty animal will be able to calmly come to its senses. After all, last year’s supplies are in the bins, and there is some fat left on the tummy. Author: Yaroslav Ilyin 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

Badger: The only one who comes out of hibernation fat and well-fed, while other animals are exhausted For most animals, spring is pure suffering. The squirrels have depleted the supply of nuts, the hares are eating the last bark from the trees, and the wolves and foxes are eating the last hares. And even bears who have slept sweetly all winter come out of their dens weak, skinny and with matted fur. And only one badger will get hurt. He wakes up, stretches sweetly, scratches the remaining fat on his belly, and goes to the pantry of his luxurious mansion to check his food supplies! How does he manage to survive the winter so well? The answer is simple: it enters it half composed of fat. And this is not a joke! The weight of an adult large badger in October - right before hibernation - can reach 24 kilograms. Although back in June-July it was exactly twice as light! This ratio of fat to the mass of the rest of the body is more typical for seals and whales, rather than for land-dwellers. Therefore, it is not surprising that he can sleep peacefully all winter and even save some supplies for the first time. Naturally, in order to gain such mass, the stocky animal has to eat three times. Even in the summer months, when the badger is not in feeding mode, it consumes half a kilo of frogs, lizards, mice and plant food in one night trip. That's as if an adult man weighing 70 kilograms consumed 11.5 kilograms of food daily! In autumn, the badger's food consumption triples - up to 1.5 kilograms of biomass per day. A predator cannot provide himself with this amount of meat even theoretically, so fruits, berries, nuts and roots begin to predominate in his diet. Moreover, the badger collects more food than it can eat, and transfers excess vegetation to an underground pantry - as a reserve. Despite being constantly busy filling his stomach, the badger also finds time for a hobby - solving the housing problem. During the day, badgers often not only rest, but also expand their burrow. With the help of long, but wide and blunt claws, they dig new entrances, corridors and chambers. They also do decorating. All rooms and corridors of the badger house are covered with dry grass, soft and providing good warmth. But the badgers don’t know when to stop. If the hole is well located and the soil around it is stable, then the animals expand it generation after generation, over the course of centuries. And then a modest dwelling with one entrance turns into a multi-tiered structure with many nesting chambers, storage rooms and dozens of entrances. Its area can reach one hectare! Of course, such a settlement is too large for one badger, so it is inhabited by several animals at once, often not related. And not only them. Sometimes the empty parts of the settlement are inhabited by foxes and raccoon dogs. The badgers don't bother them. As long as they don't bother the badgers, of course. So, step by step, the badger creates for itself not just a cozy home

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rom pieces of frozen tissue yet, but biologists do not lose hope. Author: Arina Taran 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot