Discovery Science 🧬

During the history of the Book of Animals, we have made many cool videos. Although they are not mega professional and are not made at the level of top YouTubers, they are still quite cozy and high-quality materials. Here we suggest watching our video about CRYPTIDS and the possibilities of their existence. 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

n down by the liver and therefore its effect begins to fade within a day from the moment of the bite. If you survive 24 hours, your chances of survival are close to 100%. And after 4-7 days the body will return to normal, as if there was no bite at all. Well, the most important thing is that 16 dead is still a lot. Dozens of species of dangerous spiders and deadly poisonous jellyfish have claimed 1-2 lives over the entire period of observation and currently do not pose a serious danger. Unlike an octopus. Therefore, if you walk along an Australian beach, avoid puddles, just in case. Author: Yaroslav Ilyin 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

Blue-ringed octopus: Death from a puddle. His poison is enough for 30 people! The blue-ringed octopus looks absurdly dangerous. When I read about him, I can’t help but think that this little monster is the creation of a journalist from a yellow newspaper who decided to scare his readers. Just imagine: a cephalopod smaller than the palm of your hand can easily send 20-30 people to the next world in a row, and its poison will be enough for a couple more fish! And, as if this were not enough, it is found not somewhere in the depths of the ocean, but in the most ordinary salty puddles on the most ordinary Australian beaches. Where children play and adults sunbathe. Under normal conditions, blue-ringed octopuses live in coastal reefs, as this is an ideal place to hunt small prey and avoid the attention of larger predators. But sometimes, during high tides, they are carried to the coast, where octopuses get stuck in small puddles and lagoons. And don't let the Honey Badger step into the puddle where the little octopus is sitting! A frightened ringed octopus will plunge its beak into your leg and inject you with a dose of tetrodotoxin, one of the worst naturally occurring neurotoxins. If he does not spare the poison, then within two minutes your muscles will begin to fail, and after 6-7 minutes you will die from asphyxia. But even if the octopus gives you a very small dose of poison, your life hangs by a thread. Most likely, you will not feel the bite itself, just after 15-30 minutes you will begin to sweat intensely and find that your fingers begin to cramp. And in about a day you will be lying in intensive care and breathing exclusively thanks to a ventilator. And with such characteristics of the poison and the peculiarities of its life, the octopus looks surprisingly harmless. In the entire history of observations, octopuses have caused the death of only 16 people. But why did such dangerous creatures cause such little harm to humanity? First of all, because people have been warned. Locals know that walking through puddles on the beach is playing roulette with death. Even children avoid such puddles and wear sandals with thick soles. And it works great; the blue-ringed octopus bites, on average, just one person a year. Secondly, the octopuses themselves tried. Finding itself in a dangerous situation, the cephalopod does not attack, but tries to escape and hide, changing the color of its integument to match the color of the environment. If that doesn't work, he turns bright orange and the blue rings on his body begin to pulsate, attracting attention. This is how the octopus tries to drive you away and avoid a dangerous fight. And only if after this the leg does not move out of the puddle, the octopus will decide to attack it. Well, thirdly, the cephalopod’s venom is not so terrible. Yes, it can bring a person to the grave in a matter of minutes, and there is no antidote for it. But at the same time, the poison is perfectly broke

How nice it is to go outside early in the morning. Soak up the rays of the dawn sun, touch the tender grass on which the dew has not yet dried. Listen to the cheetahs chirp... Wait, what? Among cheetahs, chirping is one of the main signs of a baby. If a cheetah chirps, he will be protected, warmed and fed. And even the left cheetahs, when they meet, will not get to the bottom of the little fulmar. For the time being. 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

of the human body. And they will hunt us just like any other large prey. And despite the fact that wolf attacks are deadly, it is possible to fight them off even alone. The main thing an unlucky person needs to do is not run. No way. If the wolves see you scurrying, they will attack you en masse, and then practically nothing will help you. Secondly, animals need to be driven away with loud sounds. Like all forest animals, wolves are suspicious of any source of loud noise and will quickly retreat. Therefore, shoot into the air with a shotgun, scream, hit a bucket with your hand or hit a can of stew with your hand. Any loud noise is another reason for the wolves to retreat. But the best measures to protect against wolves are preventive measures. If you are not alone in the forest, if you communicate loudly, laugh and listen to music, then even a pack of wolves will be afraid to mess with you. They will look at you from afar, sigh dreamily and retreat. After all, wolves are not cruel killers, but artisans for whom hunting is only a way to get food. None of them are willing to risk their lives for a piece of meat. 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

and white-tailed deer. Groups of 7-10 individuals are bold enough to catch a moose. And gangs of 10-15 wolves can even get to the bottom of a bison or bison! But in order to taste hoof meat, you must first find it, and this is not an easy task. To find a relatively fresh trail, even in forests untouched by humans, a flock needs to travel 30 to 40 kilometers, and this can take a whole day. And even meeting a deer or elk does not guarantee a successful hunt. Indeed, sometimes, instead of running, the ungulate takes a defensive position and prepares to sell its life dearly. But wolves do not intend to risk their health for the sake of meat and therefore circle around it, getting on the victim’s nerves and trying to attack him from the back. But once she runs, the chase is inevitable. However, if the herbivore has nerves of iron, it can force predators to retreat. True, wolves are very stubborn - they will have to hold the defense for up to 6 hours. But even if the prey falters, the wolves will remain cautious and will continue to carefully monitor its condition during the chase. If after 3-4 kilometers of running she does not show obvious signs of fatigue and she was not bitten, then the flock will most likely retreat. Well, or he will try to drive it into deep snow or a ravine, where the victim will definitely get stuck. But this task is not easy and requires a lot of coordination within the flock. Not only does the victim need to be taken into a “box” - surrounded on three sides - but also directed to a suitable place, and not allowed to go away. And only if successful will the shortest, but bloodiest part of the chase begin: emboldened, the wolves will pounce on the exhausted prey and bite it until it finally gives up. And then, finally, they will eat their fill. But the period of food abundance does not last forever. Wolves try not to stay near the body for long, as they will quickly attract bears and rival packs. A flock will not stay next to the remains of a deer for even 12 hours; next to the carcass of an elk they will risk staying for a day or two. And only above the defeated bison is a wolfand can overstay their welcome, stuck in one place for 3-4 days. Which is logical: if wolves were able to defeat a bison, then they are not even afraid of a bear! Human Hunting: Fortunately for you and me, humans have not been included in the wolf’s prey list for a couple of centuries: either hunters killed off the most aggressive predators, or the wolves themselves realized that hunting people is more expensive for themselves. However, this does not mean that they do not try to hunt us from time to time. Grays almost never consciously track down a person, because we are rare guests in the forest and wolves do not quite understand what to expect from us. And besides, a person is a large prey, so individuals will hunt him only under pain of starvation. But flocks of 5-7 individuals are theoretically capable of encroaching on the integrity

How do wolves attack? Their tactics against mice, foxes, deer, elk, bison, humans Wolves are one of the best predators on the planet. But not because they are fast, strong or tough, but because they are able to adapt to any conditions, know how to work in a pack and are very, very tenacious. And wherever wolves live - from the Arctic wastes to the Arabian deserts, they always choose tactics that allow them to feed themselves and their offspring. Any hunt of any wolf can be divided into 5 phases. First, the wolf needs to detect prey - find a trace or catch a scent. The wolf then follows her, trying to get as close as possible. However, the wolf is not a silent cat, and sooner or later he is noticed. There is a meeting between predator and prey. After this, the predator gives chase at the limit of its capabilities, and its prey tries to escape. And the hunt ends with a final throw and several bites, which deprive the victim of the last chance of salvation. But the individual nuances of hunting greatly depend on the type of prey. Small game hunting: In the summer, or in the absence of large prey, wolves often switch to feeding on all sorts of little things: foxes, hares, rats and even mice. There is no need to gather a pack to hunt such an animal. Therefore, grays go fishing alone or, occasionally, in pairs. It is very easy to detect small prey, because its numbers are quite high. So, for example, one square kilometer of forest can be home to up to 4 hares, 100 voles and, if you’re lucky, a pair of chanterelles. With such a density of prey, no anomalous skills are needed to track it. Only a developed sense of smell and banal attentiveness. Having discovered fresh tracks, the wolf follows them until it reaches the prey’s lair, or meets it face to face. And then the fate of the victim will be decided by seconds. In such conditions, the wolf cannot use its main trump card - endurance, and therefore its chances of overtaking its prey are small. If he cannot catch up with the hare in the first 100 meters of the chase, then the scythe will dash into the nearest thickets and hide, taking advantage of his small size. If he doesn’t catch the mouse within the first 30 meters, it will hide in a hole from which it will be impossible to get it out. But the wolf is persistent and knows that one small defeat means nothing. He spends very little energy on each jerk, so his efforts pay off in the long run. And yet, whenever possible, he will try to move on to larger prey. The main problem with hunting conventionally large game - from beaver to elk and bison - is that it can fight back. Yes, even one large wolf can potentially kill a young elk, but in doing so he will almost certainly be injured. And an injured wolf is a predator unable to hunt and almost guaranteed to die of starvation. But the wolves have a solution: they know that evolution is on the side of large battalions. That is why small packs of 3-5 wolves prefer to hunt roe deer

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ady's hoof, young and not so young pigs organize a small competition. I can’t bring myself to write the word “fight”: the two contenders carefully butt their foreheads and try not to hurt each other with their fangs (photo 5). The winner of the fight becomes the father of eight piglets. True, he won’t see the kids; the mother will give birth only in 4-5 months. Before giving birth, the mother pig digs a special hole for them. The babies will live in the maternity burrow until they get stronger. After 2 weeks, the minipigs will rise to their feet, and the mother will take them to the female herd. There the young people will marinate for another six months, and only then will the boys become independent enough to go in search of their own plot of land. - - - - - We have a huge group, which is 11 years old and there are many zoologists who write tons of text every day from the field in which they are specialists. Due to VK’s failed policy towards authors, all this, unfortunately, rests only on rare advertising and your support. You can support the stability of our nervous system with a minimum subscription of 100 rubles per month. You can request support directly through the button in this post. Thank you! 🏀 Hit the hoop and get an NFT gift — https://t.me/BasketbolX_bot

Warthog: The complete opposite of his image from The Lion King. Toasted, slender and brutal pepper Warthog is made of contradictions. He is strong, but vulnerable to many predators. Brave, but prefers to run in the face of the enemy. He is also very famous, but people rarely talk about him! Today we will correct this misunderstanding. You won’t have to chase this wild boar, because it is found almost throughout Africa. The prototype of Pumbaa weighing 70-100 kilos almost perfectly adapted to the brutal conditions of the dark continent. They only avoid tropical forests and deserts. And the pigs are very similar to their cartoon counterpart. In the cartoon, we were shown an almost spherical piggy, who clearly overdid it with sweets. Real wild pigs cannot boast of such forms - they are all fit and slender. Try to gain fat when half the meat-eaters on the continent are hunting for your ass! You always have to be in shape. The meager gifts of the savannah do not make the situation any easier. The boar has to rely on berries, nuts, root vegetables and carrion as a festive dish. The feeding process of these piglets is special: their neck is too short and does not allow them to bend over, so the animals naturally kneel down to have a snack (photo 2). And yet, the animals were not left completely without a fat layer. Fat is an emergency source of water for every inhabitant of arid regions, and our heroes also have it. Only the kids didn’t grow a belly, they hid all their reserves in... warts! Yes, the growths on the face do not look pretty, but in an emergency they will save their owner from death (photo 3). Fat reserves are not the only adaptation for life in savannahs. Fangs 60 centimeters long are the main defensive weapon against predatory cats and hyenas. If necessary, the brave pig is ready to attack even an enemy several times larger than itself. But for the pigs, the best fight is the one that didn’t happen. When meeting a meat-eater, the animals turn on the afterburners and accelerate to 50 km/h. In order not to cross paths with other animals once again, warthogs are ready to literally bury themselves in the ground. They learned to dig bunker holes with their hooves. Although, especially lazy (or arrogant?) pigs are capable of occupying someone else’s hut. The warthog is always happy about only one creature - the striped mongoose. The real Timon doesn't look anything like the cult cartoon hero, he's not even a meerkat! Friendship is beneficial for both animals - Timons save Pumbas from parasites, and Pumbas protect Timons from small predators (photo 4). Even their fellow African grunts are treated coldly. Boars prefer splendid loneliness, while wild boars prefer a small company of a dozen friends. Warthogs do not have a specific breeding season; the mating season is tied to the hormonal background of a particular lady. Usually, several admirers gather around a fertile female. To decide which of them is worthy of the l