Можно ли в Python создавать бинарные файлы? Конечно можно.
Для этого в Python есть следующие инструменты:
▫️ тип данных bytes и bytearray
▫️ открытие файла в режиме wb (write binary) или rb (read binary)
▫️ модуль struct
Про модуль struct поговорим в первую очередь.
Файл в формате JSON или Yaml внутри себя содержит разметку данных. Всегда можно определить где список начался а где закончился. Где записана строка а где словарь. То есть формат записи данных содержит в себе элементы разметки данных.
В binary-файле данные не имеют визуальной разметки. Это просто байты, записанные один за другим. Правила записи и чтения находятся вне файла.
Модуль struct как раз и помогает с организацией данных в таком файле с помощью определения форматов записи для разных частей файла.
Модуль struct преобразует Python-объекты в массив байт, готовый к записи в файл и имеющий определённый вид.
Для этого всегда следует указывать формат преобразования (или, как оно здесь называется - запаковки).
Формат нужен для того, чтобы выделить достаточное количество байт для записи конкретного типа объекта. В последствии с помощью того же формата будет производиться чтение.
При этом следует помнить что мы говорим о типах языка С а не Python.
Именно формат определяет, что записано в конкретном месте файла, число, строка или что-то еще.
Вот какие токены формата у нас есть.
Помимо этого, первым символом можно указать порядок байтов. На разных системах одни и те же типы данных могут записываться по-разному, поэтому желательно указать конкретный способ из доступных. Если этого не сделать, то используется символ '@', то есть нативный для текущей системы.
В строке формата мы пишем в каком порядке и какие типы собираемся преобразовать в байты.
Запакуем в байты простое число, токен "i".
>>> import struct
>>> struct.pack('=i', 10)
b'\n\x00\x00\x00'
Теперь несколько float, при этом нужно передавать элементы не массивом а последовательностью аргументов.
>>> struct.pack('=fff', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1)
b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@'
Вместо нескольких токенов можно просто указать нужное количество элементов перед одним токеном, результат будет тот же.
>>> struct.pack('=3f', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1)
b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@'
Теперь запакуем разные типы
>>> data = struct.pack('=fiQ', 1.0, 4, 100500)
я запаковал типы float, int и unsigned long long (очень большой int, на 8 байт)
b'\x00\x00\x80?\x04\x00\x00...'
Распаковка происходит аналогично, но нужно указать тот же формат, который использовался при запаковке. Результат возвращается всегда в виде кортежа.
>>> struct.unpack('=fiQ', data)
(1.0, 4, 100500)
Как видите, ничего страшного!
#lib#basic
🔰 Monopoly Mod APK v1.9.7 🔰
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@EverythingMe
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@EverythingMe
Trump to Carney : Get the Fuck Out of My Board of Peace
Trump withdrew on Thursday an invitation for Canada to join his “board of peace” initiative aimed at resolving global conflicts.
“Please let this Letter serve to represent that the Board of Peace is withdrawing its invitation to you regarding Canada’s joining, what will be, the most prestigious Board of Leaders ever assembled, at any time,” Trump wrote in a Truth Social post directed at the Canadian prime minister, Mark Carney.
Trump launched his “board of peace” initiative at the World Economic Forum in Davos, claiming it would be “one of the most consequential bodies ever created in the history of the world”.
The board, which will be chaired by Trump, was originally described as a temporary body to oversee the governance and reconstruction of Gaza.
Permanent members must help fund the board with a payment of $1bn each, according to Trump.
When he arrived in Davos, Trump made it clear that he had heard or at least heard of Carney’s viral speech.
“Canada lives because of the United States,” Trump said in his own address on Wednesday. “Remember that, Mark, the next time you make your statements.”
“Canada doesn’t live because of the United States,” Carney responded Thursday. “Canada thrives because we are Canadian.”
Neither Carney’s office nor the White House immediately responded to Reuters requests for comment on Thursday evening.
“Once this board is completely formed, we can do pretty much whatever we want to do,” Trump said in Switzerland on Thursday. “And we’ll do it in conjunction with the United Nations.”
#board#peace#trump#carney
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📝Quiet World Board Poll (Anonymous)
What advice would you give to someone younger than you?
📌 if you don't mind, please include your age too by following a simple format as below 😉:
(age, advice)
e.g.: 23 no matter what happens, promise yourself that you'll always be there for yourself.
#poll#board#anonymous
@quietworld🍃
👤 17 Everything you've been through was preparation for where you are right now, and where you can be tomorrow.
👤 17 Don't act on your emotions. Surround yourself with positive vibes and be kind to others and also to yourself. <3
👤 20. U will make mistakes, a lot at that but u will find ur way out, u will always do. And time actually heals u
👤 20 there’s so much you don’t know, but you have such a great opportunity to keep learning. never stop learning 🌸
👤 Beware with kind people that always smile to you because joker always wear his mask
👤 18. Don't treat your anxiety as an enemy. It's a friend who's bad at helping, but tries. So, help your friend.
👤 21 fight for youself journey
👤 24 whenever u r in a position to help someone, be glad to help them. that's God answering someone else's prayer through u
👤 20 If there are toxic people in your life, find your life value, strengthen yourself, get out and get away from them
👤 15. Never give up.
👤 21, One day, if you get stuck in your life not knowing where, what, which and how, look back at why you started.
👤 28. Train and learn yourself to be able to improvise when dealing with various things, because that will be useful later
👤 16 enjoy your life. you will know, life isn't too easy as you think before.
👥 13 people have voted so far.
📖Anonymous Board
📝Quiet World Board Poll (Anonymous)
What advice would you give to someone younger than you?
📌 if you don't mind, please include your age too by following a simple format as below 😉:
(age, advice)
e.g.: 23 no matter what happens, promise yourself that you'll always be there for yourself.
#poll#board#anonymous
@quietworld🍃
👤 17 Everything you've been through was preparation for where you are right now, and where you can be tomorrow.
👤 17 Don't act on your emotions. Surround yourself with positive vibes and be kind to others and also to yourself. <3
👤 20. U will make mistakes, a lot at that but u will find ur way out, u will always do. And time actually heals u
👤 20 there’s so much you don’t know, but you have such a great opportunity to keep learning. never stop learning 🌸
👤 Beware with kind people that always smile to you because joker always wear his mask
👤 18. Don't treat your anxiety as an enemy. It's a friend who's bad at helping, but tries. So, help your friend.
👤 21 fight for youself journey
👤 24 whenever u r in a position to help someone, be glad to help them. that's God answering someone else's prayer through u
👤 20 If there are toxic people in your life, find your life value, strengthen yourself, get out and get away from them
👤 15. Never give up.
👤 21, One day, if you get stuck in your life not knowing where, what, which and how, look back at why you started.
👥 11 people have voted so far.
📖Anonymous Board
📝Dear subscribers 🌹
Hi, it seems like I've been rarely posting quotes & updates in this channel.
So, I'm creating this poll to give an opportunity for you to write/ comment anything.. 😘❤
Do you still love to be in this channel? 🥺
#poll#board#personal@quietworld🍃
mirai_: When you posts something, sometimes it is relatable to what I was feeling or thinking atm,that's what makes me love this channel
Tsion engida: Love it👍
Junior Water: Post like before❤️
N D J: Yes, love to reads your qoutes . Please keep writing dear.
Marie Chirie: Keep posting. I love them
𝙹𝙰𝚂𝙿𝙴𝚁: Great great greag......😘
👥 6 people have voted so far.
📖Personal Board