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Изворен канал @pythonotes · Post #241 · 5 мај

Можно ли в Python создавать бинарные файлы? Конечно можно. Для этого в Python есть следующие инструменты: ▫️ тип данных bytes и bytearray ▫️ открытие файла в режиме wb (write binary) или rb (read binary) ▫️ модуль struct Про модуль struct поговорим в первую очередь. Файл в формате JSON или Yaml внутри себя содержит разметку данных. Всегда можно определить где список начался а где закончился. Где записана строка а где словарь. То есть формат записи данных содержит в себе элементы разметки данных. В binary-файле данные не имеют визуальной разметки. Это просто байты, записанные один за другим. Правила записи и чтения находятся вне файла. Модуль struct как раз и помогает с организацией данных в таком файле с помощью определения форматов записи для разных частей файла. Модуль struct преобразует Python-объекты в массив байт, готовый к записи в файл и имеющий определённый вид. Для этого всегда следует указывать формат преобразования (или, как оно здесь называется - запаковки). Формат нужен для того, чтобы выделить достаточное количество байт для записи конкретного типа объекта. В последствии с помощью того же формата будет производиться чтение. При этом следует помнить что мы говорим о типах языка С а не Python. Именно формат определяет, что записано в конкретном месте файла, число, строка или что-то еще. Вот какие токены формата у нас есть. Помимо этого, первым символом можно указать порядок байтов. На разных системах одни и те же типы данных могут записываться по-разному, поэтому желательно указать конкретный способ из доступных. Если этого не сделать, то используется символ '@', то есть нативный для текущей системы. В строке формата мы пишем в каком порядке и какие типы собираемся преобразовать в байты. Запакуем в байты простое число, токен "i". >>> import struct >>> struct.pack('=i', 10) b'\n\x00\x00\x00' Теперь несколько float, при этом нужно передавать элементы не массивом а последовательностью аргументов. >>> struct.pack('=fff', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1) b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@' Вместо нескольких токенов можно просто указать нужное количество элементов перед одним токеном, результат будет тот же. >>> struct.pack('=3f', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1) b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@' Теперь запакуем разные типы >>> data = struct.pack('=fiQ', 1.0, 4, 100500) я запаковал типы float, int и unsigned long long (очень большой int, на 8 байт) b'\x00\x00\x80?\x04\x00\x00...' Распаковка происходит аналогично, но нужно указать тот же формат, который использовался при запаковке. Результат возвращается всегда в виде кортежа. >>> struct.unpack('=fiQ', data) (1.0, 4, 100500) Как видите, ничего страшного! #lib#basic

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भारतीय रुपया अब स्थिरता का प्रतीक है!🌎 बदलाव की रणनीतिक नीतियों और मजबूत आर्थिक सुधारों ने रुपये की विश्वसनीयता सुनिश्चित की है। #INR#CurrencyStrength #EconomicStability

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@CryptoM · Post #65415 · 13.04.2026 г., 06:16

🚀 Bank of Japan Governor: Underlying Inflation Gradually Approaching Target Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda stated that the underlying inflation rate is gradually accelerating towards the central bank's target. According to Jin10, Ueda emphasized the importance of monitoring inflation trends closely to ensure they align with the Bank of Japan's objectives. The central bank remains committed to its monetary policy framework to achieve stable price growth. #BankOfJapan#Inflation#MonetaryPolicy#KazuoUeda#EconomicStability#CentralBank

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@CryptoM · Post #64632 · 09.04.2026 г., 12:05

🚀 Poland's Central Bank Keeps Benchmark Rate Unchanged at 3.75% Poland's central bank has decided to maintain its benchmark interest rate at 3.75%, aligning with market expectations. According to Jin10, this decision reflects the bank's current monetary policy stance amid ongoing economic conditions. The unchanged rate suggests a cautious approach as the bank monitors inflationary pressures and economic growth. This move is consistent with the central bank's efforts to balance economic stability and inflation control. #Poland#CentralBank#InterestRate#MonetaryPolicy#Inflation#EconomicGrowth#EconomicStability

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@CryptoM · Post #64508 · 09.04.2026 г., 04:33

🚀 Poland Likely to Maintain Interest Rates Amid Energy Cost Decline Poland is anticipated to keep its interest rates steady following a significant drop in energy costs. Bloomberg posted on X that the decrease in energy prices comes as a result of a two-week ceasefire in the US-led conflict in Iran. This development has alleviated fears of a resurgence in inflation, influencing Poland's monetary policy decision. The ceasefire has contributed to stabilizing the energy market, providing relief to consumers and policymakers alike. As Poland assesses the economic landscape, the focus remains on maintaining stability and preventing inflationary pressures. #Poland#InterestRates#EnergyCosts#Inflation#MonetaryPolicy#EconomicStability#Ceasefire#IranConflict

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@CryptoM · Post #64624 · 09.04.2026 г., 11:47

🚀 ECB Official: War Duration to Determine Economic Impact European Central Bank (ECB) Governing Council member Slapyn emphasizes that the duration of ongoing conflicts will play a crucial role in determining their economic impact. According to Jin10, Slapyn stated that the ECB is prepared to take necessary actions to maintain inflation rates at target levels. The central bank remains vigilant and ready to respond to any developments that may affect the economic stability of the region. #ECB#EuropeanCentralBank#Economy#Inflation#MonetaryPolicy#WarImpact#EconomicStability

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@CryptoM · Post #64812 · 10.04.2026 г., 01:33

🚀 Bank of Korea to Monitor Inflation, Growth, and Financial Stability The Bank of Korea has announced its intention to closely monitor the impacts on inflation, economic growth, and financial stability. According to Jin10, the central bank emphasized the importance of vigilance in the current economic climate. This statement comes amid ongoing global economic uncertainties, which have prompted central banks worldwide to reassess their monetary policies. The Bank of Korea's focus on these key areas reflects its commitment to maintaining economic stability and addressing potential challenges that may arise in the future. #BankofKorea#Inflation#EconomicGrowth#FinancialStability#MonetaryPolicy#EconomicStability#GlobalUncertainties

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@CryptoM · Post #64667 · 09.04.2026 г., 13:16

🚀 Poland's Central Bank Governor: Current Inflation Shock Less Severe Than in 2022 Poland's Central Bank Governor, Adam Glapinski, has stated that the current inflation shock is significantly less severe compared to the situation in 2022. According to Jin10, Glapinski emphasized that the measures taken by the central bank have helped mitigate the impact of inflation on the economy. He noted that while inflation remains a concern, the current economic conditions are more stable than they were during the previous year. Glapinski's comments come as Poland continues to navigate economic challenges and aims to maintain financial stability. #Poland#CentralBank#Inflation#EconomicStability#AdamGlapinski#FinancialStability#2022Inflation

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@CryptoM · Post #64574 · 09.04.2026 г., 08:47

🚀 Turkey's Finance Minister: Inflation Outlook Worsens Turkey's Finance Minister has indicated that the country's inflation outlook has deteriorated to some extent. According to Jin10, this statement highlights growing concerns over economic stability in Turkey. The minister's remarks come amid ongoing challenges in managing inflationary pressures, which have been a persistent issue for the Turkish economy. The government is likely to face increased scrutiny as it seeks to implement measures to address these economic challenges. #Turkey#FinanceMinister#Inflation#Economy#EconomicStability#InflationPressure#EconomicChallenges

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@CryptoM · Post #65356 · 13.04.2026 г., 02:10

🚀 Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Expects BOJ to Implement Appropriate Monetary Policy Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary, Hirokazu Matsuno, has expressed expectations that the Bank of Japan (BOJ) will implement appropriate monetary policy measures. According to Jin10, Matsuno emphasized the importance of achieving the BOJ's inflation target in a sustainable and stable manner. This statement comes amid ongoing discussions about Japan's economic strategies and the central bank's role in maintaining economic stability. #Japan#BOJ#MonetaryPolicy#InflationTarget#EconomicStability#HirokazuMatsuno#BankOfJapan

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@CryptoM · Post #64639 · 09.04.2026 г., 12:20

🚀 U.S. White House Economic Adviser: Fed's Balance Sheet Reduction Should Be Gradual The Director of the U.S. White House National Economic Council, Kevin Hassett, has emphasized the importance of a gradual approach to the Federal Reserve's balance sheet reduction. According to Jin10, Hassett highlighted the need for a measured strategy to ensure economic stability. This statement comes amid ongoing discussions about the Federal Reserve's monetary policy and its impact on the broader economy. Hassett's comments reflect the administration's cautious stance on managing the balance sheet to avoid potential disruptions in financial markets. #WhiteHouse#EconomicAdviser#FederalReserve#BalanceSheetReduction#MonetaryPolicy#EconomicStability#FinancialMarkets#KevinHassett

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@CryptoM · Post #65385 · 13.04.2026 г., 03:45

🚀 Indonesia's Central Bank Projects 5.2% GDP Growth in Q1 Indonesia's central bank has projected a GDP growth rate of 5.2% for the first quarter, according to Jin10. This forecast reflects the country's economic outlook as it navigates various domestic and international challenges. The central bank's projection aligns with efforts to maintain economic stability and growth amid global uncertainties. The anticipated growth rate is seen as a positive indicator for Indonesia's economic performance in the early part of the year. #Indonesia#CentralBank#GDPGrowth#EconomicForecast#Q12026#EconomicStability#GlobalEconomy#EconomicOutlook

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@CryptoM · Post #64659 · 09.04.2026 г., 13:03

🚀 Poland's Central Bank Highlights CPI Risks from Fuel Price Policies Poland's central bank has identified fiscal policies and regulations related to fuel prices as ongoing risks to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). According to Jin10, these factors continue to pose challenges to the country's inflation outlook. The central bank's assessment underscores the importance of monitoring fuel-related policies as they can significantly impact inflation rates. Policymakers are urged to consider these risks in their economic strategies to ensure stability in the CPI. #Poland#CentralBank#CPI#FuelPrices#Inflation#FiscalPolicies#EconomicStability#InflationRisks

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