#HistoryofDiplomacy
2️⃣5️⃣1️⃣ years ago, on July 21, 1774, the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca was signed. It became one of Russia’s most significant diplomatic successes of the time.
⚔️ The document marked the end of the six-yearRusso-Turkish War (1768–1774) an enshrined substantial territorial gains for Russia.
Prior to the peace agreement, Russian diplomats engaged in peace talks with representatives of the Ottoman Empire at international congresses in Focșani (1772) and Bucharest (1772-1773). Additionally, the Karasubazar Tractate was signed between the Russian Empire and the Crimean Khanate in 1772, declaring Crimea independent from the Ottoman Empire and coming under Russian protection.
However, peace was achieved after the Ottoman army had been defeated by the Russian army in several battles in June and July 1774, notably the Battle of Kozludzha. Final negotiations took place from July 16 to the evening of July 21 in the Russian military camp in the Bulgarian village of Küçük Kaynarca under the guidance and supervision of Count Pyotr Rumyantsev.
❗️The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca was a significant milestone Crimea becoming part of Russia. According to the document, the Crimean Peninsula and adjacent territories including Taman and Kuban lands were declared “free and completely independent from any foreign authority.”
Russia gained Azov, Kerch, Yenikale, and Kinburn with territories between the Bug and Dniester rivers, as well as Greater and Lesser Kabarda. Moldavia and Wallachia came under Russia’s protectorate.
Russian merchant ships were granted the right of free passage through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. Additionally, the Ottoman Empire committed to paying Russia 7.5 million piastres (4 million roubles) as war reparations.
☦️ The Russian Orthodox Church obtained the right to build a church in Constantinople and to protect fellow believers in the Ottoman Empire.
☝️ The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 was a turning point in the history of Russia and Crimea. It laid the groundwork for Crimea’s liberation from Ottoman influence and its subsequent accession to Russia in 1783. The treaty confirmed Russia’s status as a great power and opened new opportunities for its economic development.
#HistoryOfDiplomacy
📜 On January 9, 1792 (December 29, 1791), the Treaty of Jassy was signed between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, ending the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791.
That conflict had been provoked by the revanchist policy pursued by the Porta (Ottoman Empire) which sought regaining Crimea and undermining Russia's increasing dominance in the South Caucasus.
⚔️ The 1787-1791 military campaign, which took place in the Northern Black Sea region, the Balkans and the Caucasus, was the triumph of theRussian army. On December 17, 1788, the Russian forces, commanded by Prince Grigory Potemkin victoriously took the fortress of Ochakov, an important stronghold of the Ottoman Empire in the Northern Black Sea region. On December 22, 1790, the Russian army, led by legendary General Alexander Suvorov took the key stronghold of the Porte in the Balkans — Izmail. On July 31, 1791, Admiral Fyodor Ushakov’s fleet decisively crushed the Ottoman navy forces at Cape Kaliakra (the Black Sea).
In summer of 1791, Prince Nikolay Repnin, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian army, negotiated the terms of truce with the Ottomans in Galati. However, after the Parties reached agreement, Russia and the Porte launched talks in Jassy (Iași) in the Moldavian Principality (now Romania). The Russian delegation at the talks headed by Prince Grigory Potemkin.
The Ottomans, still hoping to turn the tide of the campaign and defeat the Russian fleet in the Black Sea, tried to protract the negotiations. But those hopes were never destined to come true. The convincing victory of the Russian fleet at Cape Kaliakra forced the Ottoman Empire to cease the hostilities and resume talks.
✍️ Thus, the #TreatyOfJassy, a document comprising a preamble and 13 articles, was finally signed on January 9, 1792.
This document, among other things, confirmed some provisions of the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca:the Ottoman Empire had recognised Russia’s sovereignty over the north of the Crimean Peninsula, including the important fortresses of Kerch and Yeni-Kale, which blocked the way from the Azov Sea to the Black Sea. Under the 1774 Treaty, the Ottoman Empire also recognised the independence of the Crimean Khanate, which further led to the accession of the Peninsula to the Russian Empire in 1783.
☝️ It is difficult to overestimate the historical significance of the Treaty of Jassy for Russia. By ending the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791, the document finally secured the Northern Black Sea region as part of the Russian Empire. The territory between the Southern Bug and Dniester rivers was also transferred to Russia. In 1794, the city of #Odessa was founded in our country’s new territories.
The Treaty of Jassy considerably strengthened Russia’s positions in the Balkans and the Caucasus. Under the document's provisions, the Ottoman Empire renounced its claims to Georgia and, therefore, potential aggression against Georgian territory. In general, the Treaty finally put an end to the Ottoman raids on Russia’s southern frontiers.
#HistoryOfDiplomacy
📜 On January 9, 1792 (December 29, 1791), the Treaty of Jassy was signed between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, ending the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791.
That conflict had been provoked by the revanchist policy pursued by the Porta (Ottoman Empire) which sought regaining Crimea and undermining Russia's increasing dominance in the South Caucasus.
⚔️ The 1787-1791 military campaign, which took place in the Northern Black Sea region, the Balkans and the Caucasus, was the triumph of theRussian army. On December 17, 1788, the Russian forces, commanded by Prince Grigory Potemkin victoriously took the fortress of Ochakov, an important stronghold of the Ottoman Empire in the Northern Black Sea region. On December 22, 1790, the Russian army, led by legendary General Alexander Suvorov took the key stronghold of the Porte in the Balkans — Izmail. On July 31, 1791, Admiral Fyodor Ushakov’s fleet decisively crushed the Ottoman navy forces at Cape Kaliakra (the Black Sea).
In summer of 1791, Prince Nikolay Repnin, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian army, negotiated the terms of truce with the Ottomans in Galati. However, after the Parties reached agreement, Russia and the Porte launched talks in Jassy (Iași) in the Moldavian Principality (now Romania). The Russian delegation at the talks headed by Prince Grigory Potemkin.
The Ottomans, still hoping to turn the tide of the campaign and defeat the Russian fleet in the Black Sea, tried to protract the negotiations. But those hopes were never destined to come true. The convincing victory of the Russian fleet at Cape Kaliakra forced the Ottoman Empire to cease the hostilities and resume talks.
✍️ Thus, the #TreatyOfJassy, a document comprising a preamble and 13 articles, was finally signed on January 9, 1792.
This document, among other things, confirmed some provisions of the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca:the Ottoman Empire had recognised Russia’s sovereignty over the north of the Crimean Peninsula, including the important fortresses of Kerch and Yeni-Kale, which blocked the way from the Azov Sea to the Black Sea. Under the 1774 Treaty, the Ottoman Empire also recognised the independence of the Crimean Khanate, which further led to the accession of the Peninsula to the Russian Empire in 1783.
☝️ It is difficult to overestimate the historical significance of the Treaty of Jassy for Russia. By ending the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791, the document finally secured the Northern Black Sea region as part of the Russian Empire. The territory between the Southern Bug and Dniester rivers was also transferred to Russia. In 1794, the city of #Odessa was founded in our country’s new territories.
The Treaty of Jassy considerably strengthened Russia’s positions in the Balkans and the Caucasus. Under the document's provisions, the Ottoman Empire renounced its claims to Georgia and, therefore, potential aggression against Georgian territory. In general, the Treaty finally put an end to the Ottoman raids on Russia’s southern frontiers.