Почему я люблю языки с сильной системой типов, проверяемой статическим анализом кода — хорошо написанная программа является своей собственной спецификацией и позволяет выражать через язык программирования законы существования предметной области.
Когда-то давно я писал на ActionScript. Там была система типов, но вот десериализация JSON'ов по-умолчанию была в какой-то общий Object, к полям которого нужно было обращаться ["по_строковому_имени"]. В один момент мне потребовалось написать что-то на C#, который я совсем не знал, я стал гуглить, как десериализовать JSON, и с удивлением обнаружил кучу советов заранее объявить класс со всеми нужными полями и десериализовать в него.
"Какой ужас!", — подумал я тогда, — "Это же дико неудобно! А если я не знаю полей JSON? А если их много? Отвратительный язык!"
Теперь то я прекрасно понимаю, что JSON это контракт, и что правильная десериализация только такая и должна быть, и что в хорошем API в одном поле никогда не бывает данных принципиально разных типов, и так далее.
Нет, если вы набиваете вечерами пет-проект или сидите бессонную ночь на хакатоне, нет ничего плохого в том, чтобы взять простой язык с динамическими типами вроде JavaScript или Python, не требующий описывать данные. Но вот в энтерпрайзе, особенно когда над одним проектом работает много людей (а бывает это очень часто) — хорошее использование системы типов убережёт разработчиков от огромного количества ошибок, будет бить их по рукам, когда они пытаются сделать что-то не то, и будет подсказывать, когда они не уверены в чём-то.
С помощью статической типизации можно на уровне кода обозначить правила, по которым ведёт себя предметная область вашей программы в реальном мире. Разработчику не только будет сложно их нарушить, но он ещё и станет узнавать какие-то вещи, которые мог не знать раньше.
Например, если мы делаем медицинскую CRM, и больница заводит новых пациентов только тогда, когда знает их группу крови, мы можем объявить тип "Пациент" (или, если точнее, "Карта пациента") и запретить создавать экземпляры этого типа, не передав в конструктор группу крови (которая, в свою очередь, тоже является типом, вероятнее всего ValueObject'ом). Если новый программист пришёл в проект, он, во-первых, не сможет записать в БД некорректную карту пациента. Понятно, мы не учитываем случаи, когда новый программист переделывает модели предметной области — это будет хорошо видно на кодревью. А, во-вторых, даже если ему никто не сказал, что пациенты должны быть с группой крови, он узнает это из кода. И уже будет понимать, что в тех процессах реальной жизни, которые он описывает кодом, карта пациента создаётся только при наличии группы крови. А, значит, нужно искать какой-то способ сначала эту группу крови получить, и только потом создавать карту. Программирование моделирует реальный процесс.
В настоящей работе даже на языках с типами, конечно, без должного контроля можно написать что угодно. Нужна управленческая воля, компетентность руководства, понимание опасности техдолга, в идеале отдельные должности для архитекторов, опытные лиды и старшие разработчики. Но когда всё это есть, можно отсекать много проблем ещё на старте и проще погружать новичков.
#dev
Lula: La OTAN está alimentando la carrera armamentística🪖
🗣 "Nos enfrentamos a un número de conflictos sin precedentes desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. La reciente decisión de la OTAN alimenta la carrera armamentística. Es más fácil destinarel 5 % del PIB al gasto militar que el prometido 0,7 % a la Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo", denunció Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
💸Según el presidente de Brasil, esto demuestra que los recursos para implementar la agenda 2030 de la ONU sobre el desarrollo sostenible y la erradicación de la pobreza en el mundo, "sí existen, pero no están disponibles por falta de prioridad política".
💬"Siempre es más fácil invertir en la guerra que en la paz", expresó el presidente brasileño al cuestionar la decisión.
#BRICS2025
🟩@rtnoticias
📍 Rio de Janeiro, 6–7 July 2025
📄BRICS Summit Declaration Highlights the Role of the G20 in Strengthening Global South Cooperation
The Leader’s Declaration adopted at the XVII BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro (6–7 July 2025), titled “Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance”, placed particular emphasis on the importance of coordinated engagement within the Group of Twenty (G20) as the premier forum for international economic cooperation.
The document reaffirms the commitment of BRICS countries to promoting a more equitable and representative global economic governance architecture through sustained interaction and dialogue within the G20 framework:
🔹 “We underscore the key role of the G20 as the premier global forum for international economic cooperation that provides a platform for dialogue of both developed and emerging economies on an equal and mutually beneficial footing for jointly seeking shared solutions to global challenges and fostering multipolar world.”
🔹 “We recognize the importance of the continued and productive functioning of the G20, based on consensus and with a focus on result-oriented outcomes.”
🔹 “We reiterate our strong support to the South African presidency and look forward to the successful hosting of the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Johannesburg in November 2025 under the South African Presidency and reaffirm our willingness to coordinate positions in order to enhance inclusiveness and amplify the voice of the Global South in the global economic governance system so it adequately reflects EMDEs’ rising weight in the global economy and further integrate their priorities in the G20 agenda through the consecutive G20 presidencies of BRICS member states – Indonesia, India, Brazil and South Africa – during 2022–2025 and beyond.”
🔹 “We salute strengthening of the EMDEs’ voice in the G20 through the accession of the African Union during India’s presidency of G20 in 2023 and the invitation of the NDB during Brazilian and South African presidencies including by their closer interaction and alignment.”
#BRICS2025
📄 XVI BRICS Summit Kazan Declaration
📍 Kazan, Russia, October 23, 2024
Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security
✍️ We reiterate the importance of further enhancing BRICS solidarity and cooperation based on our mutual interests and key priorities and further strengthening our strategic partnership.
We reaffirm our commitment to the BRICS spirit of mutual respect and understanding, sovereign equality, solidarity, democracy, openness, inclusiveness, collaboration and consensus. As we build upon 16 years of BRICS Summits, we further commit ourselves to strengthening cooperation in the expanded BRICS under the three pillars:
✅ political and security;
✅ economic and financial;
✅ cultural and people-to-people cooperation;
and to enhancing our strategic partnership for the benefit of our people through the promotion of peace, a more representative, fairer international order, a reinvigorated and reformed multilateral system, sustainable development and inclusive growth.
We welcome the considerable interest by countries of the Global South in BRICS and we endorse the Modalities of BRICS Partner Country Category. We strongly believe that extending the BRICS partnership with EMDCs will further contribute to strengthening the spirit of solidarity and true international cooperation for the benefit of all. We commit to further promoting BRICS institutional development.
👉 Strengthening Multilateralism For A More Just And Democratic World Order
🇺🇳 We reaffirm our support for a comprehensive reform of the United Nations, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more democratic, representative, effective and efficient, and to increase the representation of developing countries in the Council’s memberships so that it can adequately respond to prevailing global challenges and support the legitimate aspirations of emerging and developing countries from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including BRICS countries, to play a greater role in international affairs, in particular in the United Nations, including its Security Council.
We recognise the crucial role of BRICS in the process of improving the international monetary and financial system (IMFS), with a view to making it more responsive to the needs of all countries.
👉 Enhancing cooperation for global and regional stability and security
We strongly support enhanced BRICS dialogue on policy and security issues.
We reiterate our unequivocal condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations whenever, wherever and by whomsoever committed.
👉 Fostering Economic and Financial Cooperation for Just Global Development
We underscore the need to reform the current international financial architecture to meet the global financial challenges including global economic governance to make the international financial architecture more inclusive and just.
👉 Strengthening people-to-people exchanges for social and economic development
#BRICS2024: We commend Russia's BRICS Chairship in 2024 and express our gratitude to the government and people of the Russian Federation for holding the XVI BRICS Summit in the city of Kazan.
#BRICS2025: We extend full support to Brazil for its BRICS Chairship in 2025 and the holding of the XVII BRICS Summit in Brazil.
Read in full:
1. https://telegra.ph/XVI-BRICS-Summit-Kazan-Declaration-Part-I-10-23
2. https://telegra.ph/XVI-BRICS-Summit-Kazan-Declaration-Part-II-10-23
🎙 Nga përgjigjet e Ministrit të Punëve të Jashtme të Federatës Ruse, S.V.Lavrov për pyetjet e medias pas samitit të XVII të BRICS
Pikat kryesore:
• #BRICS është mbështetur gjithmonë në të gjitha hapat e tij në parimet e barazisë, respektit të ndërsjellë dhe konsensusit.
• Gjithnjë e më shumë vende duan të udhëhiqen jo nga disa direktiva ideologjike, të imponuara nga “i zoti” i tyre, por nga interesat e tyre kombëtare.
• Reforma e Këshillit të Sigurimit tërhoqi vëmendjen më të madhe. Teksti, për të cilin u ra dakord, konfirmon nevojën e zgjerimit të Këshillit të Sigurimit për të kapërcyer mospërfaqësimin e plotë të vendeve në Azi, Afrikë dhe Amerikën Latine. Nuk ka asnjë diskutim për Perëndimin.
• Lidhur me pagesat si të tilla, krijimi i një “monedhe” nuk është diskutuar kurrë në BRICS. <...> Bankat qendrore dhe ministritë e financave u udhëzuan të përgatisin një propozim për platforma të tilla, që do të mundësonin kryerjen e pagesave, të përdornin një sistem pagesash të ndërsjella, që nuk varet nga dollari, pozicioni i të cilit në ekonominë globale dhe sistemin financiar global të Shteteve të Bashkuara nën qeverisjen e demokratëve filloi të abuzohej rëndë.
• Presidenti i Rusisë, V.V. Putin, duke folur në sesionin e parë të samitit në Rio de Janeiro, përmendi shifrën prej 90% - pikërisht kjo është masa e pagesave në marrëdhëniet tona tregtare dhe financiare me partnerët e BRICS dhe me partnerët shtetërorë, që kryhet në monedhat e vendeve pjesëmarrëse në të.
• Ukraina është i vetmi vend, ku një gjuhë, veçanërisht, nëse flasim për një gjuhë zyrtare të OKB-së, është e ndaluar në të gjitha sferat e jetës - në arsim, media, ngjarje kulturore e kështu me radhë. Gjuha ruse është ndaluar vazhdimisht me ligj, që nga grushti i shtetit që ndodhi në Ukrainë në vitin 2014. <...> Kjo është një shkelje e rëndë e Kartës së OKB-së.
• Ne nuk presim që Perëndimi ta njohë realitetin në lidhje me shkeljet e të drejtave të njeriut në Ukrainë. Miqtë tanë nga Jugu Global, të interesuar në promovimin e iniciativave të tyre, mund të bëhen pararoja e luftës për të drejtat e njeriut, por jo siç dëshiron Perëndimi, por siç kërkohet nga Karta e OKB-së.
👉Lexoni të plotë
#BRICS2025
📄Déclaration finale du XVIIe Sommet des BRICS « Renforcer la coopération du Sud global pour une gouvernance plus inclusive et durable »
Texte intégral de la Déclaration (en anglais)
Extraits de la Déclaration :
• Nous réitérons notre engagement à réformer et à améliorer la gouvernance mondiale en promouvant un système international et multilatéral plus juste, équitable, agile, efficace, efficient, réactif, représentatif, légitime, démocratique et responsable, dans un esprit de larges consultations, de contribution conjointe et de bénéfices partagés.
• Nous réaffirmons notre engagement en faveur du multilatéralisme et du respect du droit international, y compris les buts et principes inscrits dans la Charte des Nations Unies (ONU), dans leur intégralité et leur interdépendance, en tant que pierre angulaire indispensable, ainsi que le rôle central de l’ONU dans le système international.
🇺🇳 Nous réitérons notre soutien à une réforme globale de l’Organisation des Nations Unies, y compris de son Conseil de sécurité, [...] afin qu’il puisse répondre de manière adéquate aux défis mondiaux actuels et soutenir les aspirations légitimes des pays émergents et en développement d’Afrique, d’Asie et d’Amérique latine, y compris les pays des #BRICS, à jouer un rôle plus important dans les affaires internationales, en particulier au sein de l’ONU, y compris de son Conseil de sécurité.
🌐 Nous reconnaissons que la multipolarité peut élargir les opportunités pour les pays émergents et en développement de développer leur potentiel constructif et de bénéficier d’une mondialisation économique et d’une coopération inclusives, équitables et avantageuses pour tous.
• Nous condamnons l’imposition de mesures coercitives unilatérales contraires au droit international et réaffirmons que de telles mesures, notamment sous la forme de sanctions économiques unilatérales et de sanctions secondaires, ont des conséquences négatives considérables sur les droits de l’homme, [...] aggravant la fracture numérique et exacerbant les défis environnementaux. Nous appelons à l’élimination de ces mesures illégales qui portent atteinte au droit international ainsi qu’aux principes et objectifs de la Charte des Nations Unies.
• Nous réaffirmons que les États membres des BRICS n’imposent ni ne soutiennent de sanctions non autorisées par le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies et contraires au droit international.
• Nous condamnons les frappes militaires contre la République islamique d’Iran depuis le 13 juin 2025, qui constituent une violation du droit international et de la Charte des Nations Unies, et exprimons notre profonde inquiétude face à l’escalade de la situation sécuritaire qui s’en est suivie au Moyen-Orient.
• Nous rappelons que la bande de Gaza fait partie intégrante du Territoire palestinien occupé. À cet égard, nous soulignons l’importance de l’unification de la Cisjordanie et de la bande de Gaza sous l’Autorité palestinienne et réaffirmons le droit du peuple palestinien à l’autodétermination, y compris le droit à un État indépendant de Palestine.
• Nous réitérons que le principe 🌍« Des solutions africaines aux problèmes africains » doit continuer à servir de base au règlement des conflits sur le continent africain.
❗️Nous condamnons avec la plus grande fermeté les attaques contre des ponts et des infrastructures ferroviaires visant délibérément des civils dans les régions de Briansk, Koursk et Voronej, en Fédération de Russie, les 31 mai, 1er et 5 juin 2025, qui ont fait de nombreuses victimes civiles, dont des enfants.
• Nous saluons la présidence 🇧🇷 du Brésil des BRICS en 2025 et exprimons notre gratitude au gouvernement et au peuple brésiliens pour l’organisation du XVIIe Sommet des BRICS dans la ville de Rio de Janeiro.
• Nous apportons notre plein soutien 🇮🇳 à l’Inde pour sa présidence des BRICS en 2026 et l’organisation du XVIIIe Sommet des BRICS en Inde.
#BRICS2025
📄XVI BRICS Summit Kazan Declaration
📍 Kazan, Russia, October 23, 2024
Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security
✍️ We reiterate the importance of further enhancing BRICS solidarity and cooperation based on our mutual interests and key priorities and further strengthening our strategic partnership.
We reaffirm our commitment to the BRICS spirit of mutual respect and understanding, sovereign equality, solidarity, democracy, openness, inclusiveness, collaboration and consensus. As we build upon 16 years of BRICS Summits, we further commit ourselves to strengthening cooperation in the expanded BRICS under the three pillars:
✅ political and security;
✅ economic and financial;
✅ cultural and people-to-people cooperation;
and to enhancing our strategic partnership for the benefit of our people through the promotion of peace, a more representative, fairer international order, a reinvigorated and reformed multilateral system, sustainable development and inclusive growth.
We welcome the considerable interest by countries of the Global South in BRICS and we endorse the Modalities of BRICS Partner Country Category. We strongly believe that extending the BRICS partnership with EMDCs will further contribute to strengthening the spirit of solidarity and true international cooperation for the benefit of all. We commit to further promoting BRICS institutional development.
👉Strengthening Multilateralism For A More Just And Democratic World Order
🇺🇳 We reaffirm our support for a comprehensive reform of the United Nations, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more democratic, representative, effective and efficient, and to increase the representation of developing countries in the Council’s memberships so that it can adequately respond to prevailing global challenges and support the legitimate aspirations of emerging and developing countries from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including BRICS countries, to play a greater role in international affairs, in particular in the United Nations, including its Security Council.
We recognise the crucial role of BRICS in the process of improving the international monetary and financial system (IMFS), with a view to making it more responsive to the needs of all countries.
👉Enhancing cooperation for global and regional stability and security
We strongly support enhanced BRICS dialogue on policy and security issues.
We reiterate our unequivocal condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations whenever, wherever and by whomsoever committed.
👉Fostering Economic and Financial Cooperation for Just Global Development
We underscore the need to reform the current international financial architecture to meet the global financial challenges including global economic governance to make the international financial architecture more inclusive and just.
👉Strengthening people-to-people exchanges for social and economic development
#BRICS2024: We commend Russia's BRICS Chairship in 2024 and express our gratitude to the government and people of the Russian Federation for holding the XVI BRICS Summit in the city of Kazan.
#BRICS2025: We extend full support to Brazil for its BRICS Chairship in 2025 and the holding of the XVII BRICS Summit in Brazil.
Read in full: 1, 2
📄XVI BRICS Summit Kazan Declaration
📍 Kazan, Russia, October 23, 2024
Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security
✍️ We reiterate the importance of further enhancing BRICS solidarity and cooperation based on our mutual interests and key priorities and further strengthening our strategic partnership.
We reaffirm our commitment to the BRICS spirit of mutual respect and understanding, sovereign equality, solidarity, democracy, openness, inclusiveness, collaboration and consensus. As we build upon 16 years of BRICS Summits, we further commit ourselves to strengthening cooperation in the expanded BRICS under the three pillars:
✅ political and security;
✅ economic and financial;
✅ cultural and people-to-people cooperation;
and to enhancing our strategic partnership for the benefit of our people through the promotion of peace, a more representative, fairer international order, a reinvigorated and reformed multilateral system, sustainable development and inclusive growth.
We welcome the considerable interest by countries of the Global South in BRICS and we endorse the Modalities of BRICS Partner Country Category. We strongly believe that extending the BRICS partnership with EMDCs will further contribute to strengthening the spirit of solidarity and true international cooperation for the benefit of all. We commit to further promoting BRICS institutional development.
👉Strengthening Multilateralism For A More Just And Democratic World Order
🇺🇳 We reaffirm our support for a comprehensive reform of the United Nations, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more democratic, representative, effective and efficient, and to increase the representation of developing countries in the Council’s memberships so that it can adequately respond to prevailing global challenges and support the legitimate aspirations of emerging and developing countries from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including BRICS countries, to play a greater role in international affairs, in particular in the United Nations, including its Security Council.
We recognise the crucial role of BRICS in the process of improving the international monetary and financial system (IMFS), with a view to making it more responsive to the needs of all countries.
👉Enhancing cooperation for global and regional stability and security
We strongly support enhanced BRICS dialogue on policy and security issues.
We reiterate our unequivocal condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations whenever, wherever and by whomsoever committed.
👉Fostering Economic and Financial Cooperation for Just Global Development
We underscore the need to reform the current international financial architecture to meet the global financial challenges including global economic governance to make the international financial architecture more inclusive and just.
👉Strengthening people-to-people exchanges for social and economic development
#BRICS2024: We commend Russia's BRICS Chairship in 2024 and express our gratitude to the government and people of the Russian Federation for holding the XVI BRICS Summit in the city of Kazan.
#BRICS2025: We extend full support to Brazil for its BRICS Chairship in 2025 and the holding of the XVII BRICS Summit in Brazil.
Read in full: 1, 2
📄XVI BRICS Summit Kazan Declaration
📍 Kazan, Russia, October 23, 2024
Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security
✍️ We reiterate the importance of further enhancing BRICS solidarity and cooperation based on our mutual interests and key priorities and further strengthening our strategic partnership.
We reaffirm our commitment to the BRICS spirit of mutual respect and understanding, sovereign equality, solidarity, democracy, openness, inclusiveness, collaboration and consensus. As we build upon 16 years of BRICS Summits, we further commit ourselves to strengthening cooperation in the expanded BRICS under the three pillars:
✅ political and security;
✅ economic and financial;
✅ cultural and people-to-people cooperation;
and to enhancing our strategic partnership for the benefit of our people through the promotion of peace, a more representative, fairer international order, a reinvigorated and reformed multilateral system, sustainable development and inclusive growth.
We welcome the considerable interest by countries of the Global South in BRICS and we endorse the Modalities of BRICS Partner Country Category. We strongly believe that extending the BRICS partnership with EMDCs will further contribute to strengthening the spirit of solidarity and true international cooperation for the benefit of all. We commit to further promoting BRICS institutional development.
👉Strengthening Multilateralism For A More Just And Democratic World Order
🇺🇳 We reaffirm our support for a comprehensive reform of the United Nations, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more democratic, representative, effective and efficient, and to increase the representation of developing countries in the Council’s memberships so that it can adequately respond to prevailing global challenges and support the legitimate aspirations of emerging and developing countries from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including BRICS countries, to play a greater role in international affairs, in particular in the United Nations, including its Security Council.
We recognise the crucial role of BRICS in the process of improving the international monetary and financial system (IMFS), with a view to making it more responsive to the needs of all countries.
👉Enhancing cooperation for global and regional stability and security
We strongly support enhanced BRICS dialogue on policy and security issues.
We reiterate our unequivocal condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations whenever, wherever and by whomsoever committed.
👉Fostering Economic and Financial Cooperation for Just Global Development
We underscore the need to reform the current international financial architecture to meet the global financial challenges including global economic governance to make the international financial architecture more inclusive and just.
👉Strengthening people-to-people exchanges for social and economic development
#BRICS2024: We commend Russia's BRICS Chairship in 2024 and express our gratitude to the government and people of the Russian Federation for holding the XVI BRICS Summit in the city of Kazan.
#BRICS2025: We extend full support to Brazil for its BRICS Chairship in 2025 and the holding of the XVII BRICS Summit in Brazil.
Read in full: 1, 2
📄XVI BRICS Summit Kazan Declaration
📍 Kazan, Russia, October 23, 2024
Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security
✍️ We reiterate the importance of further enhancing BRICS solidarity and cooperation based on our mutual interests and key priorities and further strengthening our strategic partnership.
We reaffirm our commitment to the BRICS spirit of mutual respect and understanding, sovereign equality, solidarity, democracy, openness, inclusiveness, collaboration and consensus. As we build upon 16 years of BRICS Summits, we further commit ourselves to strengthening cooperation in the expanded BRICS under the three pillars:
✅ political and security;
✅ economic and financial;
✅ cultural and people-to-people cooperation;
and to enhancing our strategic partnership for the benefit of our people through the promotion of peace, a more representative, fairer international order, a reinvigorated and reformed multilateral system, sustainable development and inclusive growth.
We welcome the considerable interest by countries of the Global South in BRICS and we endorse the Modalities of BRICS Partner Country Category. We strongly believe that extending the BRICS partnership with EMDCs will further contribute to strengthening the spirit of solidarity and true international cooperation for the benefit of all. We commit to further promoting BRICS institutional development.
👉Strengthening Multilateralism For A More Just And Democratic World Order
🇺🇳 We reaffirm our support for a comprehensive reform of the United Nations, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more democratic, representative, effective and efficient, and to increase the representation of developing countries in the Council’s memberships so that it can adequately respond to prevailing global challenges and support the legitimate aspirations of emerging and developing countries from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including BRICS countries, to play a greater role in international affairs, in particular in the United Nations, including its Security Council.
We recognise the crucial role of BRICS in the process of improving the international monetary and financial system (IMFS), with a view to making it more responsive to the needs of all countries.
👉Enhancing cooperation for global and regional stability and security
We strongly support enhanced BRICS dialogue on policy and security issues.
We reiterate our unequivocal condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations whenever, wherever and by whomsoever committed.
👉Fostering Economic and Financial Cooperation for Just Global Development
We underscore the need to reform the current international financial architecture to meet the global financial challenges including global economic governance to make the international financial architecture more inclusive and just.
👉Strengthening people-to-people exchanges for social and economic development
#BRICS2024: We commend Russia's BRICS Chairship in 2024 and express our gratitude to the government and people of the Russian Federation for holding the XVI BRICS Summit in the city of Kazan.
#BRICS2025: We extend full support to Brazil for its BRICS Chairship in 2025 and the holding of the XVII BRICS Summit in Brazil.
Read in full: 1, 2
📄XVI BRICS Summit Kazan Declaration
📍 Kazan, Russia, October 23, 2024
Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security
✍️ We reiterate the importance of further enhancing BRICS solidarity and cooperation based on our mutual interests and key priorities and further strengthening our strategic partnership.
We reaffirm our commitment to the BRICS spirit of mutual respect and understanding, sovereign equality, solidarity, democracy, openness, inclusiveness, collaboration and consensus. As we build upon 16 years of BRICS Summits, we further commit ourselves to strengthening cooperation in the expanded BRICS under the three pillars:
✅ political and security;
✅ economic and financial;
✅ cultural and people-to-people cooperation;
and to enhancing our strategic partnership for the benefit of our people through the promotion of peace, a more representative, fairer international order, a reinvigorated and reformed multilateral system, sustainable development and inclusive growth.
We welcome the considerable interest by countries of the Global South in BRICS and we endorse the Modalities of BRICS Partner Country Category. We strongly believe that extending the BRICS partnership with EMDCs will further contribute to strengthening the spirit of solidarity and true international cooperation for the benefit of all. We commit to further promoting BRICS institutional development.
👉Strengthening Multilateralism For A More Just And Democratic World Order
🇺🇳 We reaffirm our support for a comprehensive reform of the United Nations, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more democratic, representative, effective and efficient, and to increase the representation of developing countries in the Council’s memberships so that it can adequately respond to prevailing global challenges and support the legitimate aspirations of emerging and developing countries from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including BRICS countries, to play a greater role in international affairs, in particular in the United Nations, including its Security Council.
We recognise the crucial role of BRICS in the process of improving the international monetary and financial system (IMFS), with a view to making it more responsive to the needs of all countries.
👉Enhancing cooperation for global and regional stability and security
We strongly support enhanced BRICS dialogue on policy and security issues.
We reiterate our unequivocal condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations whenever, wherever and by whomsoever committed.
👉Fostering Economic and Financial Cooperation for Just Global Development
We underscore the need to reform the current international financial architecture to meet the global financial challenges including global economic governance to make the international financial architecture more inclusive and just.
👉Strengthening people-to-people exchanges for social and economic development
#BRICS2024: We commend Russia's BRICS Chairship in 2024 and express our gratitude to the government and people of the Russian Federation for holding the XVI BRICS Summit in the city of Kazan.
#BRICS2025: We extend full support to Brazil for its BRICS Chairship in 2025 and the holding of the XVII BRICS Summit in Brazil.
Read in full: 1, 2
#BRICS2024🤝#BRICS2025
🔨 Following the final, fifth BRICS Sherpas/Sous Sherpas Meeting under Russia's Chairship, Russia's Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sherpa in BRICS Sergey Ryabkov passed a symbolic baton in the form of the chair's hammer (made by the famous master craftsmen from the Urals) to the Head of the Brazilian delegation Ambassador Eduardo Paes Saboia in gesture of passing the Chairship in BRICS to Brazil.