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Изворен канал @pythonotes · Post #241 · 5 мај

Можно ли в Python создавать бинарные файлы? Конечно можно. Для этого в Python есть следующие инструменты: ▫️ тип данных bytes и bytearray ▫️ открытие файла в режиме wb (write binary) или rb (read binary) ▫️ модуль struct Про модуль struct поговорим в первую очередь. Файл в формате JSON или Yaml внутри себя содержит разметку данных. Всегда можно определить где список начался а где закончился. Где записана строка а где словарь. То есть формат записи данных содержит в себе элементы разметки данных. В binary-файле данные не имеют визуальной разметки. Это просто байты, записанные один за другим. Правила записи и чтения находятся вне файла. Модуль struct как раз и помогает с организацией данных в таком файле с помощью определения форматов записи для разных частей файла. Модуль struct преобразует Python-объекты в массив байт, готовый к записи в файл и имеющий определённый вид. Для этого всегда следует указывать формат преобразования (или, как оно здесь называется - запаковки). Формат нужен для того, чтобы выделить достаточное количество байт для записи конкретного типа объекта. В последствии с помощью того же формата будет производиться чтение. При этом следует помнить что мы говорим о типах языка С а не Python. Именно формат определяет, что записано в конкретном месте файла, число, строка или что-то еще. Вот какие токены формата у нас есть. Помимо этого, первым символом можно указать порядок байтов. На разных системах одни и те же типы данных могут записываться по-разному, поэтому желательно указать конкретный способ из доступных. Если этого не сделать, то используется символ '@', то есть нативный для текущей системы. В строке формата мы пишем в каком порядке и какие типы собираемся преобразовать в байты. Запакуем в байты простое число, токен "i". >>> import struct >>> struct.pack('=i', 10) b'\n\x00\x00\x00' Теперь несколько float, при этом нужно передавать элементы не массивом а последовательностью аргументов. >>> struct.pack('=fff', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1) b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@' Вместо нескольких токенов можно просто указать нужное количество элементов перед одним токеном, результат будет тот же. >>> struct.pack('=3f', 1.0, 2.5, 4.1) b'\x00\x00\x80?\x00\x00 @33\x83@' Теперь запакуем разные типы >>> data = struct.pack('=fiQ', 1.0, 4, 100500) я запаковал типы float, int и unsigned long long (очень большой int, на 8 байт) b'\x00\x00\x80?\x04\x00\x00...' Распаковка происходит аналогично, но нужно указать тот же формат, который использовался при запаковке. Результат возвращается всегда в виде кортежа. >>> struct.unpack('=fiQ', data) (1.0, 4, 100500) Как видите, ничего страшного! #lib#basic

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Crypto M - Crypto News

@CryptoM · Post #64692 · 09.04.2026 г., 14:18

🚀 Bitcoin Stabilizes as US Core PCE Inflation Meets Expectations US core PCE inflation for February was reported at 3% year-on-year and 0.4% month-on-month, aligning with market expectations and reducing uncertainty. According to NS3.AI, Bitcoin's price stabilized after previously reaching approximately $73,000. Investors are exercising caution regarding Federal Reserve rate-cut expectations for the year. Mohamed El-Erian emphasized that CPI data this week holds greater significance for markets than PCE, especially in light of fluctuating oil prices. #Bitcoin#USInflation#CorePCE#Cryptocurrency#FederalReserve#Investing#MarketStability#BTC

Crypto M - Crypto News

@CryptoM · Post #65014 · 10.04.2026 г., 14:02

🚀 U.S. Inflation Rate Expectations for April Show Slight Increase The initial estimate for the U.S. inflation rate expectations over a five to ten-year period in April was reported at 3.4%, according to Jin10. This figure slightly missed the anticipated rate of 3.5% but showed an increase from the previous value of 3.20%. The data reflects ongoing concerns about inflationary pressures in the U.S. economy. #USInflation#InflationExpectations#Economy#USEconomy#InflationRate#Jin10

Crypto M - Crypto News

@CryptoM · Post #65245 · 12.04.2026 г., 08:58

🚀 U.S. Inflation Trends Show Potential Systemic Risks Amid Geopolitical Tensions CryptoQuant analyst Darkfost recently shared insights on the X platform regarding the current structure of U.S. inflation. According to Odaily, while the March Consumer Price Index (CPI) data recorded the largest month-on-month increase since 2022, the core CPI remained largely unchanged. This indicates that inflationary pressures have not yet fully spread across the economy. This trend requires ongoing monitoring through subsequent Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) data and in the coming months. As long as this structure persists, it suggests that inflation has not become systematically embedded in the U.S. economy and may be more of a temporary phenomenon, potentially linked to geopolitical conflicts. However, if the conflict between the U.S. and Iran prolongs, inflation could gradually evolve into a systemic risk, potentially impacting economic growth. In such a scenario, the Federal Reserve might be compelled to continue raising interest rates to address the situation. #USInflation#GeopoliticalTensions#CryptoQuant#CPI#PCE#InflationRisk#EconomicGrowth#FederalReserve#InterestRates#USIranConflict

Crypto M - Crypto News

@CryptoM · Post #65402 · 13.04.2026 г., 05:18

🚀 Deutsche Bank Strategists: U.S. Inflation Impact from Middle East Ceasefire Could Be Temporary On April 13, Deutsche Bank strategists released a report indicating that the U.S. Treasury market will need to assess the impact of the Middle East conflict ceasefire on U.S. inflation. According to Jin10, if the ceasefire persists, the inflation surge is likely to be viewed as a temporary phenomenon. The strategists expect the Federal Reserve to resume interest rate cuts in September. They also highlighted the need to monitor the war's potential impact on Treasury issuance, as Congress might allocate additional funds for the military. Deutsche Bank strategists anticipate that any increase in issuance will remain moderate and primarily involve long-term financing, helping to avoid pressure on long-term yields. #DeutscheBank#USTreasury#MiddleEastCeasefire#USInflation#FederalReserve#InterestRateCuts#TreasuryIssuance#MilitarySpending#LongTermFinancing

Crypto M - Crypto News

@CryptoM · Post #65333 · 13.04.2026 г., 00:13

🚀 PRECIOUS METALS | U.S. Inflation and Fed Rate Cut Expectations Impact Gold Prices On April 13, Jin10 reported that a research note from CITIC Securities highlighted the significant rise in U.S. overall inflation for March, driven by soaring oil prices, while core inflation remained moderate. According to Jin10, CITIC Securities anticipates minimal risk of secondary inflation in the U.S. and suggests that April's CPI may continue to show elevated growth due to compensatory increases in rental inflation. If oil prices decline slowly, U.S. CPI could remain above 3% year-on-year for the rest of the year. CITIC Securities also forecasts a 25 basis point rate cut by the Federal Reserve within the year, which may lead to a weaker U.S. dollar in the near term. This scenario could create liquidity-driven recovery opportunities for gold prices. Additionally, U.S. equities might benefit from improved risk appetite, while U.S. Treasury yields may lack sufficient downward momentum due to economic fundamentals. #PreciousMetals#USInflation#FedRateCut#GoldPrices#CITICSecurities#OilPrices#CoreInflation#CPI#USDollar#USEquities#USTreasuryYields

Crypto M - Crypto News

@CryptoM · Post #64537 · 09.04.2026 г., 06:45

🚀 U.S. Inflation Pressures Persist as February PCE Data Anticipated The market anticipates that the U.S. February Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) data will indicate ongoing inflationary pressures. According to BlockBeats, consensus expectations suggest a month-on-month increase to 0.4% and a year-on-year rate holding at 2.8%, with core PCE year-on-year at approximately 3.0%, significantly above the Federal Reserve's 2% target. Analysts highlight that the current inflation rebound is primarily driven by rising commodity prices and increasing energy costs, while 'super core services inflation' remains notably sticky, making a short-term decline unlikely. In this context, the Federal Reserve is expected to maintain the interest rate range of 3.50%-3.75% at its April meeting, marking the third consecutive pause in rate cuts. Market pricing has also shifted rapidly, with over 97% of traders betting on no change in April, and expectations for rate cuts within the year have cooled significantly, with mainstream views shifting towards a 'later, less' easing path. #USInflation#PCEData#InflationPressures#FederalReserve#InterestRates#EnergyCosts#CommodityPrices#SuperCoreServices#MarketExpectations#RateCuts#USEconomy#FebruaryPCE#EconomicOutlook#FedPolicy#InflationRebound

Crypto M - Crypto News

@CryptoM · Post #64983 · 10.04.2026 г., 12:50

🚀 U.S. CPI Watch: U.S. CPI Jumps 0.9% in March, Highest Since 2022 as Oil Drives Inflation Surge Key TakeawaysU.S. CPI rose 0.9% MoM, largest increase since 2022.Inflation hit 3.3% YoY, fastest pace since 2024.Gasoline accounted for ~75% of the monthly increase.Core CPI (ex-food & energy) slowed to 0.2% MoM.Inflation Surges on Energy ShockLatest data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics shows a sharp acceleration in inflation for March, with headline CPI rising 0.9% month-on-month.This marks the largest monthly increase since 2022, highlighting the growing impact of energy prices on the broader economy.Gasoline Prices Drive Majority of IncreaseThe surge in inflation was overwhelmingly driven by rising fuel costs linked to geopolitical tensions.Key detail:Gasoline contributed nearly three-quarters (~75%) of the CPI increaseThe spike reflects the ripple effects of higher oil prices amid the Iran conflict, which has tightened global energy supply.Yearly Inflation Accelerates to 3.3%On a yearly basis:CPI rose 3.3% YoY, the fastest pace since 2024This suggests inflation pressures are re-accelerating after a period of relative stabilization.Core Inflation Shows Signs of CoolingDespite the headline surge, underlying inflation remains more contained:Core CPI (excluding food and energy): +0.2% MoMThis indicates that:Price pressures are still largely energy-drivenBroader inflation may not yet be fully entrenchedMarket ImplicationsThe data presents a mixed signal for markets:Bullish for rates / USD:Strong headline inflationReinforces “higher-for-longer” Fed stanceNeutral-to-positive for risk assets (conditionally):Core inflation remains controlledSuggests inflation spike may be temporary if energy stabilizesEnergy vs Core Inflation BattleThe key question going forward is whether energy-driven inflation spills into the broader economy.Markets will closely watch:Wage growth trendsCore inflation trajectoryOil price stabilityIf energy pressures persist, inflation could remain elevated. If not, the spike may prove temporary.For now, the data reinforces a macro environment of elevated uncertainty, with inflation increasingly tied to geopolitical developments. #USCPI#InflationSurge#EnergyShock#GasolinePrices#OilPrices#CoreCPI#GeopoliticalTensions#USInflation#EconomicData#MarketImplications#HigherForLonger#WageGrowth#RiskAssets#OilPriceStability#2024Inflation