Embassy of Russia in Singapore

🎙Remarks by Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov at the Ambassadorial Roundtable “The Ukrainian Crisis. Digital Threats and International Information Security”(March 5, 2026, Moscow) 💬 Sergey Lavrov: This is far from the first time we are meeting to discuss an issue that is central to us in international politics. President Vladimir Putin and other representatives of the Russian leadership have repeatedly stated this. The goal of the war waged against Russia – prepared and ultimately unleashed by the West through the Ukrainian regime – is to weaken our country and, as they themselves say, inflict a “strategic defeat” on it. There is every reason to believe that behind this goal also lies a desire to “break up” our country. At the same time, many other developments are unfolding around the world – including the events in the Middle East – a result of the aggression by the US and Israel against Iran. In this regard, I cannot but mention this crisis, which threatens colossal negative consequences for the entire world – for global stability, the global economy and everything that was once called globalization for the prosperity of all humanity. All of this has been destroyed. Civilians are suffering both in Iran and, as a result of Iran’s retaliatory actions, in neighboring Arab states. We express our condolences for all civilian casualties. We also see the damage being inflicted on civilian infrastructure across the countries of the Persian Gulf. #UkrainianCrisis We are conducting negotiations with our US colleagues, who are assisting in the dialogue with Ukraine. Quite recently, several trilateral rounds took place in Abu Dhabi – for which we are sincerely grateful to our Emirati friends – and in Geneva. ❗️At present, we see no grounds to believe that these talks are merely a “smokescreen”, as we remain in direct contact with our American counterparts. At the same time, we clearly see that during the seven months since Anchorage, Ukrainians and Europeans have made – and continue to make – every effort to reinterpret and rewrite the understandings reached there. We see how negotiators in the US are facing pressure and the temptation to yield to it – shifting the entire responsibility for further steps, as they say, onto Russia in order to meet certain symbolic dates in this year’s political calendar. This, too, is a fact. But our conscience is clear. We remain faithful to the understandings reached at the initiative of the US in Alaska. We are fully committed to the Alaska agreements. Our American colleagues know perfectly well what we are referring to, since these were their proposals. I hope that no one will divert our American colleagues from this true path, despite all the efforts of the President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen, NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, and other “masters” of the Kiev regime. #MiddleEast#Iran ▪️ We express our condolences for all civilian casualties and see the damage being inflicted on civilian infrastructure across the countries of the Persian Gulf. I have no doubt that one of the objectives was to drive a wedge between the countries of the region – between the Persian Gulf states, Iran and its Arab neighbors – among whom a positive process of normalization had been developing in recent years. This became particularly evident when Saudi Arabia and Iran restored diplomatic relations. Russia actively contributed to this process. For many years we have been promoting a unifying agenda. 👉For more than 20 years, we have been working to mobilize support for the Concept of Collective Security in the Persian Gulf. This initiative envisages participation by all coastal states and their key neighbors and – as originally proposed – the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, ensuring transparency, confidence-building measures and practical steps to use this immensely rich region in the interests of the prosperity of its peoples. The West has done everything to prevent the advancement of a positive agenda in the Gulf region. Read in full

🎙Commentary by Aide to the President of Russia YuryUshakov following a telephone conversation between Vladimir Putin and President of the United States Donald Trump (October 16, 2025) 💬Yury Ushakov: Today in the afternoon, Vladimir Putin had a telephone conversation, the eighth one, with US President Donald Trump. The conversation lasted almost two and a half hours. Clearly, it was a rather substantive and at the same time very open and frank exchange. Our President started out by congratulating Donald Trump on his successful efforts to normalise the situation in the #GazaStrip. The US President’s peace work has been duly appreciated in the #MiddleEast, in the United States itself, and in most countries around the world. Naturally, the Russian Side outlined its principled position in favour of a comprehensive Middle East settlement on a generally recognised international legal basis that would ensure lasting peace for all the peoples in that region. A special emphasis during the conversation was placed on the #UkraineCrisis. ❗️ Vladimir Putin provided a detailed assessment of the current situation, stressing Russia’s interest in achieving a peaceful resolution through political and diplomatic methods. In particular, it was noted that during the special military operation, the Russian Armed Forces hold full strategic initiative along the entire line of contact. Under these circumstances, the Kiev regime resorts to terrorist methods, attacking civilian targets and energy infrastructure facilities, to which we are forced to respond accordingly. *** Donald Trump repeatedly emphasised the imperative of establishing peace in Ukraine at the earliest opportunity. The notion that the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has proven the most intractable issue in all peacekeeping efforts of the US President was palpably evident throughout his remarks during the conversation. In this context, he naturally mentioned his successes in settling eight other regional conflicts. It is noteworthy that one of the US President’s key arguments centred on the premise that the resolution of the conflict in Ukraine would open up tremendous — and he stressed this — tremendous prospects for the development of US-Russian economic cooperation. Incidentally, both Sides spoke of the profound mutual affinity between the peoples of the two countries, which was so vividly demonstrated during #WWII. It was underscored that the current state of bilateral relations appears paradoxical against this backdrop. The issue of potential supplies of long-range Tomahawk cruise missiles to Ukraine was also raised. Vladimir Putin reiterated his position that Tomahawks would not change the situation on the battlefield but would inflict substantial damage to relations between our countries, to say nothing of the prospects for a peaceful settlement. In this context, it is worthy of note that the Presidents discussed the possibility of holding another personal meeting. This is indeed a very significant development. It was agreed that representatives of both countries would immediately begin preparations for the Summit, which could potentially be organised in Budapest, for instance. On a separate note, it should be mentioned that our President highly praised personal efforts of the First Lady of the United States Melania Trump in reuniting Russian and Ukrainian children with their families and asked the US President to convey his very best wishes to his spouse. Overall, I would say that the telephone contact between the Presidents of Russia and the United States was quite useful, and the two Leaders agreed to maintain contact. 🇷🇺🇺🇸#RussiaUS

⚡️Russian Foreign Ministry statement in connection with the US strikes on Iran(June 22, 2025) ❗️Russia resolutely condemns the United States’ strikes on several nuclear facilities in the Islamic Republic of Iran, carried out in the early hours of June 22, following recent attacks by Israel. This reckless decision to launch missile and aerial strikes on the territory of a sovereign state, regardless of the justifications offered, constitutes a blatant violation of international law, the #UNCharter, and relevant resolutions by the UN Security Council, which has consistently and unequivocally deemed such actions unacceptable. Particularly concerning is the fact that the strikes were executed by a permanent member of the UN Security Council. ☢️ The consequences of this action, including potential radioactive effects, have yet to be determined. However, it is already evident that a dangerous escalation is underway, one that threatens to further destabilise security both in the region and globally. This has drastically increased the likelihood of a larger conflict in the #MiddleEast, a region already plagued by numerous crises. The attacks on Iranian nuclear facilities have dealt a substantial blow to the global non-proliferation regime built around the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (#NPT), which raises particular concerns. They have significantly undermined both the credibility of the NPT and the integrity of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) monitoring and verification mechanisms that underpin it. We expect the IAEA leadership to respond promptly, professionally, and transparently, avoiding vague language or efforts to hide behind political ‘equidistance.’ An unbiased and objective report from the Director General is required, to be submitted for consideration at the Agency’s upcoming special session. Obviously, the UN Security Council must take a firm stance as well. Confrontational and destabilising actions taken by the United States and Israel must be collectively rejected. ☝️We call for an immediate end to aggression and for stepping up efforts to bring the situation back onto a peaceful, diplomatic track.

🎙 Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s interview with TASS news agency (December 30, 2024) Key points: #Ukraine#USA • We have not received any official signals [from the USA] regarding a settlement in Ukraine. • We are not happy with the proposals made by members of the Trump team to postpone Ukraine’s admission to NATO for 20 years and to station British and European peacekeeping forces in Ukraine. • What we need is reliable and legally binding agreements that would eliminate the root causes of the conflict and seal a mechanism precluding the possibility of their violation. #RussiaUSA#NATO • We are ready to renew the political dialogue which Washington terminated after the start of the special military operation, if the United States is ready for this. Since it was the Americans who cut it off, it is for them to make the first move. • They [the West] have been long relying on efforts to interfere in the domestic affairs of other countries, including our closest neighbours, as their foreign policy tool. For many years, Washington and its satellites have been acting this way in an effort to deter and contain their geopolitical rivals and do away with any unwanted actors, as confirmed by what happened in Yugoslavia, Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Ukraine. #Georgia • The developments in Georgia stem from the double standards when caring for democracy and human rights serves as a pretext for overturning election results after even the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights with its tainted reputation recognised the election as being free and fair. Why do they want to change the results? Just because the puppet masters in Washington and Brussels did not find the way people voted there to their liking. • The United States and the European Union are trying to impose a distorted vision on Tbilisi which consists of dividing everyone into those who are with us and those who are against us. Meanwhile, it seems that Georgian authorities have opted for a sovereign policy which meets the country’s national interests. They refuse to act as pawns manipulated by the West in its effort to destabilise Georgia, undermine its economy and incite escalation in its relations with Russia. #Syria#MiddleEast • The Syrians’ hopes for improvements after a convincing defeat of international terrorism, including with the help of Russia’s Aerospace Forces, have not materialised. • Washington, which has effectively occupied the resource-rich north-eastern part of Syria and is putting serious sanctions pressure on Damascus together with a coalition of its satellites, bears a great deal of blame for this. This line for strangling the Syrian economy stirred up social discontent. • Trying to maintain its influence [in the Middle East and North Africa], Washington actively interfered in the internal affairs of Arab countries and aggressively drew new dividing lines there. Iraq and Libya are still trying to clear up the consequences of the Americans and their satellites’ reckless behaviour. #China • The Americans are taking inciting actions in the Taiwan Strait and supplying weapons to Taipei while forging a quasi-political dialogue with the local authorities. • It is clear to us that this policy pursued by Washington in violation of its obligations to Beijing on Taiwan is part of their strategy to step up military and political pressure on the PRC and eventually undermine regional security at the eastern end of the Eurasian continent. • Russia reaffirms its adherence to the #OneChina principle, recognises that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the People’s Republic of China, opposes any form of “Taiwan independence,” and firmly supports China’s measures to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity and achieve national reunification. Read in full

🎙 Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov's interview to Rossiya Segodnya news agency (November 5, 2024) #BRICS • The XVI BRICS Summit in Kazan came as a landmark international event not only of the year, but in recent history as well. Its success highlighted the futility of attempts to isolate Russia internationally. • As we sensed during the Summit, [the creation of a payment network that is resistant to external risks] is what non-Western countries are increasingly interested in. #MiddleEast Since the onset of unprecedented crisis [in the Middle East] in October 2023, the BRICS countries have come together to support the rights of the civilian population in the Gaza Strip. • Shortly after the beginning of the Israeli operation in Gaza, we coordinated with our BRICS partners and other like-minded nations to submit a draft resolution to the UN Security Council, calling for an end to military actions and for unhindered humanitarian access to Gaza. However, this resolution was blocked by the United States and its allies. #NATO • If [long-range] weapons are employed [by the Kiev regime to attack the territory of Russia], it would mean that not only Ukraine but also NATO countries are openly fighting Russia. • Our opponents should not disillusion themselves. In the event of aggression by NATO or its individual member states against our country, an appropriate response will ensue, in full compliance with Russia's sovereign right to self-defence and with the use of any means necessary to ensure its security, as stipulated in the UN Charter. And none of the instigators will be able to lie low, not across the Atlantic Ocean nor across the English Channel. #Ukraine#UN • Kiev continues to exert pressure on Antonio Guterres, demonstrating a blatant disregard for the UN Charter in an attempt to compel him and the entire UN Secretariat to align completely with Ukraine and its Western sponsors. This approach directly contravenes the constituent instrument of the Organisation, specifically paragraph 2 of Article 100 of the UN Charter, which prohibits any member state from attempting to influence the Secretary-General or other UN representatives. #Transnistria#Moldova • The situation surrounding Transnistria is complex. <...> I trust that the Moldovan authorities will exercise sufficient common sense to avoid ill-considered actions that could exacerbate tensions. • There are suggestions that the regional context necessitates new dialogue platforms on the Transnistrian issue, questioning the value of the 5+2 format. We disagree with this view and believe that external assistance to facilitate direct dialogue between Chisinau and Tiraspol is essential. #USA • Washington continues to actively perpetuate its own myth of Russian interference in any election, whether "at home" or in any third country. If an election results in a victory for forces undesirable to the United States, Russia is immediately blamed for the "wrong" electoral choice of the voters. • The Americans are attempting to attribute to us actions they themselves are engaged in. As the saying goes, God marks the crook. #Georgia • The United States and the EU are artificially trying to frame the current electoral process in Georgia as a strategic choice between Russia and the West, thereby attempting to present Georgia and other post-Soviet states with a false dilemma. • In reality, it is a choice between sovereign development based on national interests and external governance, between traditional values and neo-liberal principles imposed from outside. #SouthCaucasus • We commend the significant progress made within the Azerbaijani-Armenian peace process. • Unlike Western pseudo-mediators, we refrain from pressuring our partners into hastily concluding a peace treaty. We are convinced that a rushed peace, lacking comprehensive consideration of Baku and Yerevan's positions and the realities on the ground, would be counterproductive, creating additional risks of tension and potential conflict

📰 Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s interview with the Türkish newspaper Hürriyet, November 1, 2024 #BRICS We welcome Türkiye’s interest in strengthening ties with BRICS. This reflects the appeal of the group that is based on respect for the UN Charter, openness, pragmatism, and non-directedness against third parties. We support the expansion of BRICS relations with countries of the Global Majority, particularly those committed to upholding multilateral approaches, pursuing a sovereign foreign policy, and refraining from participating in unilateral sanctions. During the Summit in Kazan, a decision was made to strengthen the current composition of BRICS by including partner countries in the group. I am confident that Türkiye can make a meaningful contribution to the ongoing development of BRICS. The parameters for Türkiye’s participation in the group will be determined by consensus, respecting the sovereign choices of all BRICS countries and Türkiye itself. #MiddleEast The failure to settle the long-standing Arab-Israeli conflict has sparked a new wave of violence, resulting in the deaths of tens of thousands of innocent Palestinians in Gaza. The number of casualties in Lebanon reaches thousands. More and more countries are becoming embroiled in this escalating confrontation. Russia has condemned Israel for killing political leaders of Hamas and Hezbollah, as well as high-ranking Iranian military officials. We asked the UN Security Council to give its assessment of these deeds, but this initiative was blocked by opposition from Western members of the Council. We urge all parties to refrain from actions that could further escalate violence and lead to a situation beyond control. There will be no winners in this conflict. The way to normalise the situation lies in halting the bloodshed and creating conditions for a political resolution of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict based on universal international legal principles. This includes the establishment of an independent Palestinian state within the 1967 borders. Only this solution can guarantee lasting peace in the Middle East. #Ukraine Russia is open to achieving a political settlement, but this should not merely lead to a temporary ceasefire; it must lead to a resolution of the conflict by eliminating its root causes. These include NATO’s eastward expansion, the creation of threats to Russia’s essential security interests, and the Kiev regime’s infringement on the rights of Russians and Russian-speaking residents of Ukraine. At the moment, our opponents do not appear to want peace. Ukraine’s reaction to President Vladimir Putin’s peace initiative proposed in June was an invasion of the Kursk Region by the Ukrainian Armed Forces, along with airstrikes on targets in other border areas. Washington and its allies continue to provide extensive support to Kiev, discuss the possibility of using Western long-range missiles for strikes deep into Russian territory. Vladimir Zelensky has not revoked his order prohibiting negotiations with Moscow. Given these circumstances, it seems unlikely that any country, including Türkiye, will succeed in mediation efforts. #RussiaUS Whoever wins the election, we see no real prospects of the United States changing its Russophobic course. For our part, we will be ready for dialogue if and when the Americans demonstrate serious intentions to negotiate honestly, based on respect for each other’s interests and the principle of reciprocity.

#BRICS2024 🎙 President of Russia Vladimir Putin's remarks at the Plenary Session of the XVI BRICS Summit in the BRICS Plus/Outreach format (Kazan, October 24, 2024) 👉 In full 💬 Vladimir Putin: I am delighted to welcome all of you to the BRICS Plus/Outreach-format meeting. This inclusive platform has proven its worth by enabling the BRICS group participants to engage in a direct and open dialogue with their friends and partners. <...> According to our agenda, we will discuss the most pressing issues the international community is facing today, including sustainable development, eradication of poverty, climate change adaptation, exchanging technology and knowledge, fighting terrorism and transborder crime. We will focus particularly on the peaceful resolution of conflicts, certainly including a serious discussion of the deteriorating situation in the Middle East. <...> #MultipolarWorld 🌐 All our countries share similar aspirations, values and a vision of a new democratic world order that reflects cultural and civilisational diversity. We are confident that such a system should be guided by the universal principles of respect for the legitimate interests and sovereign choice of nations, respect for international law and a spirit of mutually beneficial, honest co-operation. ☝️ The transition to a more just international system is not easy. Its development is being hampered by forces whose thinking and actions continue to be aimed at dominating everything and everyone. Under the guise of a rule-based order they are imposing on the world, they are actually attempting to contain growing competition and prevent the independent development of countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America that they cannot control. <...> #MiddleEast The current round of the Palestinian-Israeli confrontation is probably one of the most sanguinary in the long list of conflicts. Over 40,000 people, most of them civilians, have been killed in the ongoing hostilities in the Gaza Strip. I would like to emphasise that we have always come out against the use of terrorist methods. <...> Since the start of the escalation, we have joined forces with our BRICS and other partners to contribute to a settlement. <...> I would like to repeat that the main condition for restoring peace and stability in the Palestinian territories is the realisation of the two-state formula approved by the UN Security Council and General Assembly resolutions. <...> #EurasianSecurity The countries represented in this room have immense opportunities and resources at their disposal and play a prominent role on the international stage. They have been using their standing to enhance global security and promote sustainable development around the world. <...> Russia advocated the idea of creating an inclusive system of equitable and indivisible security for Eurasia free from any discrimination. <...> #UnitedNations 🇺🇳 The UN must retain its central role in efforts to maintain peace and security and facilitate sustainable and steady development. To ensure the effective functioning of the UN in the future, we believe it is important to adapt its structures to the realities of the 21st century, expanding the representation of countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, including those whose leaders are present here, in the Security Council and other key international bodies. An effort to reform UN development institutions and global financial structures has long been overdue. <...> The founding fathers of the United Nations believed that its purpose was to enable nations to come together and agree on joint actions. *** ❗️ Russia, like all BRICS countries, is open to cooperation with all countries of the Global South and East to promote inclusive and sustainable development and ultimately build a better world.

🎙 Excerpts and key points from Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s answers to media questions during a news conference following the 7th Russia-GCC Ministerial Meeting for Strategic Dialogue (Riyadh, September 9, 2024) #Ukraine • We have never taken the “Zelensky formula” seriously and only marvelled that there are still people ready to buy it. Of course, this happens under the West’s pressure. • But territories are neither here nor there. We just wanted the people, who are an inalienable part of the Russian world and the Russian culture, language, history, and religion, to be treated as human beings as required under international law, numerous conventions on human rights and minority rights, and primarily the UN Charter. • No success will be achieved unless we get to the root of this problem. In this context, we appreciate the global security initiative announced by PRC President Xi Jinping, which says that it is necessary to start analysing any conflict from its prime causes. • You should understand that it is not about the meeting location and participants, but about issues to be discussed. Meeting to talk about calls for a ceasefire and then territorial exchanges simply doesn’t cut it. Once again, the problem is not about territories but people’s rights. As soon as we see the determination to protect human rights, a policy that the West always boasts about when addressing any issue (except this particular one), I am confident we will easily agree on the location and time of the meeting. But first we need to understand what exactly we are going to discuss. #GEP • At today’s meeting with the Gulf Cooperation Council, we discussed this Eurasia-based organisation’s promising potential for promoting the continent-wide processes and contributing to what President Vladimir Putin referred to as the Greater Eurasian Partnership. • We want the nations of the Eurasian continent – the largest, fastest-growing, and most resource-rich part of the world – to decide their fate on their own. #MiddleEast • Washington wants to preserve its monopoly over any processes in the Middle East. We know many cases when this position has resulted in failure. Today’s discussion with our colleagues from the Persian Gulf’s Arab countries has fully confirmed us in this belief. • An immediate ceasefire is necessary. Meanwhile, it is important to remember that the problem stems from the fact that the Palestinian state issue has not been resolved for almost 80 years. #BRICS • BRICS has doubled its membership from five to ten. It has already received more than 30 applications requesting either membership or special relations. This process is the main driving force behind the formation of a multipolar world order. • BRICS is following an upward trajectory in its development, and this trend will only grow stronger. The Russian BRICS Chairmanship is greatly contributing to this. Read in full: https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1968672/

[English below] 🗓 20-21 мая в Астане Министр иностранных дел Российской Федерации С.В.Лавров принял участие в заседании Совета министров иностранных дел государств-членов Шанхайской организации сотрудничества (СМИД ШОС). В центре внимания были вопросы деятельности Организации в контексте подготовки заседания Совета глав государств-членов (СГГ) ШОС 3-4 июля в Астане. Обсуждены также проекты документов, которые имеется в виду представить на рассмотрение лидеров. Согласованные подходы сторон к дальнейшему развитию Организации, а также актуальным проблемам глобальной и региональной повестки дня будут отражены в Астанинской декларации. Важным шагом в укреплении ШОС станет приём Белоруссии в члены организации. Министрами одобрены проекты соответствующих решений СГГ. Согласованы предложения СМИД по комплексному совершенствованию деятельности ШОС применительно к современным геополитическим реалиям. Приняты за основу проекты лидерских заявлений, а также концептуальных документов в интересах продвижения кооперации в области энергетики, транспорта и логистики, охраны окружающей среды. В ходе обстоятельного обмена мнениями по ключевым региональным и международным проблемам Министры обсудили ситуацию в секторе Газа и в целом на Ближнем Востоке, урегулирование палестино-израильского конфликта. Особое место заняли вопросы содействия ШОС стабилизации в Афганистане, учитывая значение этого фактора для безопасности шосовского пространства. С.В.Лавров провёл также ряд двусторонних встреч. mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/1952220/ **************** 🗓 On May 20-21, Foreign Minister Sergey #Lavrov took part in the Foreign Ministers Council meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation member-countries. The participants focused on the organisation’s activities in the context of preparations for the meeting of the SCO Heads of State Council meeting in #Astana on July 3-4. They also discussed draft documents to be presented for the leaders’ consideration. The participants will reflect their coordinated approaches to the SCO’s further development and current global and regional issues in the Astana Declaration. The admission of Belarus will be an important step towards strengthening the #SCO. The Ministers endorsed the relevant draft decisions of the Heads of State Council. They also coordinated proposals of the SCO Foreign Ministers Council on comprehensive improvement of the organisation’s activities in the context of current geopolitical realities. They adopted draft leadership statements and conceptual documents as a foundation for promoting cooperation in energy, transport, logistics and environmental protection. During a detailed exchange of views on key regional and international issues, the Ministers discussed the situation in the #Gaza Strip and the #MiddleEast as a whole, and, in part, settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. They paid special attention to the SCO’s efforts to facilitate stabilization in #Afghanistan, considering the importance of this factor for the security of the SCO space. 🤝 FM Lavrov also had a number of bilateral meetings. mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1952220/

🇷🇺🇮🇷📞 On April 13, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Foreign Minister of Iran Hossein Amir-Abdollahian spoke over the phone. The Ministers focused on the situation in the Middle East. The Russian side reiterated its strong condemnation of the April 1 Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consular office in Damascus. ❗️ It was emphasised that, just like political assassinations, any attacks on diplomatic or consular sites, the inviolability of which is guaranteed by the relevant Vienna conventions, are absolutely unacceptable. The sides confirmed mutual commitment to maintaining a high level of coordination on international and regional agenda priorities. They emphasised mutual interest in steadily building up political and diplomatic cooperation, as well as trade and economic interaction in the transport and logistics sphere, among others, including transit traffic. 🔗http://tiny.cc/inurxz #RussiaIran#Russia#Iran#MiddleEast